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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe the old vs new atmosphere |
Old: Contained He & H only New: Volcanic eruption added CNOS 78% N, 21% O2, <1% Ar, & .401% CO2 |
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Describe the Greenhouse effect |
UV light from sun changes to heat once it hits earth. It then bounces back and is absorbed by greenhouse gases. |
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What are convection currents? |
Air currents that affect the weather |
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How/ why does it rain? |
Warm water hold moisture in the air |
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Describe the Coriolis effect |
-Curvature of winds due to rotation of earth -North Hemisphere: Clockwise -Southern Hemisphere: Counterclockwise |
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What are monsoons? |
Warm, moist air from Indian ocean blow onto India and hit the Himalayas. |
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Primary vs Secondary Pollutants |
Primary: emitted in Hazardous form Secondary: Hazardous after chemical reactions |
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How to reduce air pollution emissions? |
-Replace coal with natural gas (UK) -Move to nuclear energy -Renewable resources: Wind, Solar, Geothermal, Biomass, Fuel Cells -Plant trees |
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Current Evidence of Global Warming |
-Precipitation: more in high latitudes, less in the tropics -H2O Evaporates= storms and disasters -Longer growing seasons -loss of alpine/polar glaciers |
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Larsen B. Ice shelf |
A piece the size of Rhode Island broke off |
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Why is the earth/ground dynamic? |
Solid ground always moving, splitting, changing structure
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3 major layers of Earth |
The crust: low density silicate rock The mantle: High density silicate rock The core: Liquid outer layer, solid inner layer |
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Tectonic movements |
Earthquakes: tectonic plates moving
Volcanoes: Increase pressure, melting crust. Oceanic plate pushed under continental |
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Describe weathering
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Rocks slowly eroding because of wind, water, glaciers etc...
Glacial Till: rocks left behind by receded glaciers |
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Define Energy, Work, and Power |
Energy: Ability to do work Work: Application of a force thru a distance Power: Rate of the flow of energy |
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Main energy sources |
Oil, gas, coal, nuclear, hydro, wind etc... |
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Fossil Fuels |
Coal: most abundant in North America. Burning releases SO2, NO2, CO2, and NO3 Oil: Production expected to peak= Prices Increase Tar sands: Sands coated with Bitumen ( soft fossil fuel) Natural Gas: Methane (CH4) |
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How is most energy lost? |
Through heat |
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Why is water important? |
Dissolves nutrients Mobilizes nutrients Essential for industry Agriculture |
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Windward vs Leeward |
Effects of Mountains: Windward sides: lots of rain, Pacific Northwest Leeward Sides: Dry conditions |
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Where is fresh water found? |
Most drinking water is found frozen 2.4% water on Earth is drinkable From that 87% is frozen, 13% liquid 95% ground water |
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Aquifers |
Underground area with smaller particles of rock where H20 Flows freely Pressure builds up as H20 Moves |
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Big Dams vs. Small Dams |
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River |
Constantly flowing, replinshed by melting ice |
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Lakes |
Contains much more H20 than rivers Important as water source and transport |
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Wetlands |
Trap water, reduce erosion, large amount of groundwater |
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Atmosphere |
10 days residence time, very little water |
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Reasons for water shortages? |
Water must be cleaned from pathogens and chemicals. This is too slow compared to the amount used. |
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Water availability topics |
-Water used to determine where ppl settled down Problem in arid countries, local areas -Can be reused Consumption< Withdrawal. We use less than we take out=waste (letting Fosset drip) |
