Environmental

Front 1

Sustainable Society

Back 1

one that ensures the health of human life or natures capital

Front 2

Developed countries

Back 2

poor agricultural country that is seeking to become advanced

Front 3

% of worlds population that lives in developing countries

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Around 80

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Natural resource

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exists naturally and can be reused

Front 5

Tragedy of commons

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population growth

Front 6

example of environmental degradation

Back 6

smoke from factory polluting air

Front 7

how can we extend use of nonrenewable resources

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recycling

Front 8

Point source pollution

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comes from a single discrete

Front 9

nonpoint source of pollution

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pollution from diffuse sources

Front 10

pollution clean up efforts can be ineffective why?

Back 10

it can transfer pollutants somewhere else

Front 11

not a root cause of unsustainability

Back 11

poverty

Front 12

working with the earth implies

Back 12

recycling and less pollution

Front 13

matter

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anything that has mass and takes up space

Front 14

natural radioactive decay is

Back 14

nuclear change

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nuclear fission

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nuclear change in which the nuclei undergoes a nuclear reaction

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energy

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capacity to do work by performing tasks

Front 17

example of kinetic energy

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wind heat and flowing streams

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ecology

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study of interactions of living organisms

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goal of ecology

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to understand how organisms interact

Front 20

population

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group of individual organisms of same species living in the same ares

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ecosystem

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community of different species interacting with one another

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energy flow in ecosystem

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in one direction

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climate

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primary factor determining types and abundance of life in a particular land area

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abiotic factors

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rocks, water... nonliving

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herbivore

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plant eating organism

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decomposer

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organism that digests parts of organism

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ecosystem can survive without

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consumers

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what happens to most energy input in a food chain

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lost to atmosphere and 10% is kept

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soil is developed most directly through

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weathering and erosion

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soil is a complex mixture of

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inorganic minerals, clay, pebbles, and sand

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hummus

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slightly soluble residue of undigested or partially decomposed organic material in top soil

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hydraulic cycle refers to the movement of

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the flow of water though an ecosystem

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humans strongly affect the hydrologic cycle through

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water pollution

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transfer of carbon among organisms depends primarily on

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photosynthesis and cellular respiration

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nitrogen fixation is accomplished by

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bacteria

Front 36

nitrogen gas is converted to nitrate through

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nitrification

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when organisms die their nitrogenous organic compounds are converted to simpler inorganic compounds such as ammonia through the process of

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nitrogen fixation

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ammonia is converted to nitrate and finally to nitrogen gas through...

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ammoniafication

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sources of phosphorous

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phosphate salts and terestrial rock

Front 40

evidence of the evolution of life

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fossils

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microevolution

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long term large scale evolutionary changes among groups of species

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moth change in color due to...

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smog

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natural selection

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when moths change color due to smog

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coevolution can envolve interaction of

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two different species

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specialist species

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species with narrow ecological niche

Front 46

biodiversity is the result of

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evolution

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% of species that have ever lived and are now extinct

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99.9

Front 48

weather

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short term changes in temperature, humidity, precipitation, sun, cloud cover etc.

Front 49

climate

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physical properties of trophosphere of an area based on analysis of weather records

Front 50

2 most important factors of climate

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average temp and precipitation

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greenhouse effect

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natural warming effect of throphosphere

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greenhouse gases

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allow mostly visible light through troposphere

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common adaptions made by animals to the desert

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need little water adapt to extreme heat or cold scarce shelter

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human impact on desert

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vegitation has been destroyed by livestock etc.

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savannah

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rolling grassland with shrubs and trees

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humans have affected grasslands by

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obergrazing and release of co2

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biome considered least fragile

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arctic tundra

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desiduous plants

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hickory, maple

Front 59

cone bearing trees are in which biome

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tiga and caniferous forrest

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caniferous forest

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needle like trees, intense cold and drought of winter

Front 61

humans affect mountain biomes by

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timber extraction increasing tourism

Front 62

most photosynthesis in the open sea occurs in which zone

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coral reef

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trees characteristic of tropical coastal wetlands

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mangrove, coconut and cypress

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estuaries and coastal wetlands are important because

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produce food, minerals, offshore oil and gas

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coral reefs are important because

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help moderate atmosphere temps by removing co2

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things that threaten survival of coral reefs

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ocean warming, soil erosion

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In lakes,the open water surface layer is called

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freshwater life zones

Front 68

inland wetlands are valuable for providing...

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filters toxic wastes and pollutants

Front 69

where is most of the worlds biodiversity

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ocean

Front 70

native species

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species that normally lives and survives in a particular ecosystem

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indicator species

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species that serve as early warnings that an earlier ecosystem is being degraded

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non-native species

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species that migrate into an ecosystem or deliberately by humans

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obvious relation demonstrated by a food chain

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predation

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parasitism

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one benefits, one is harmed

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mutualism

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both benefit

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parasites

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species that feed off another and harm them

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primary succession

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bare area that has never been occupied by a community of organisms

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secondary succession

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area in which natural vegetation has been removed or destroyed and new life has formed

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immature ecosystem

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ecosystem that is not fully developed

Front 80

mature ecosystem

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fairly stable self sustaining community in an advanced ecosystem

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population dynamics

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major abiotic and biotic factors that tend to increase or decrease population size and affect the age and sex composition of a species

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environmental resistance is enhanced by

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the ability to compete for resources

Front 83

factors that lead to an increase in biotic potential

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specialized niche

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logistics growth

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S

Front 85

Population grows, overshoots carrying capacity, and crashes, most likely from

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exceeding resource supplies

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carrying capacity

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maximum population of a particular species that an environment can hold at a certain time

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living systems

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life, biodiversity, and temp

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crude birth rate

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annual # of live births per 1000 people in a population of a geographic area at midpoint of a given year

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social factors affecting birth and fertility rate

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whether you live in a developed or developing country

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infant mortality rate

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# of babies out of every 1000 born each year who die before their 1st birthday

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age structure

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% of population at each age level in the population

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age structure diagram

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the ages of a specific population

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rapidly growing countries have an age structure that

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has more people from ages 18-45 (REPRODUCTIVE AGES)

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people who support population regulation say that

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people should practice family planning

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factors that lead to urban sprawl

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land is ample and affordable

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environmental benefit of urbanization

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education, technological developments, and jobs

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urban ares tend to alter climate by

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pollution

Front 98

advantages of automobiles include

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can live in a different place than where you work, travel more places, and travel places faster