Environment

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Atmosphere

Back 1

The layer of gases that surround Earth

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Biosphere

Back 2

A relatively thin layer of Earth that has conditions suitable for supporting life as we know it

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Hydrosphere

Back 3

All the water on Earth, whether present as liquid, vapor, or ice

Front 4

Lithosphere

Back 4

Solid portion of Earth, composed of rocks, minerals, and elements

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Thermosphere

Back 5

Furthest atmospheric layer from Earths surface

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Stratosphere

Back 6

Atmospheric layer above the troposphere, from 10 to 50km above the Earths surface

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Climate

Back 7

Average weather conditions that occur in a region over a long period of time, usually a minimum of 30 years

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Weather

Back 8

Conditions of temperature, air pressure, cloud cover, precipitation (rain or snow), and humidity that occur at a particular place at a particular tome

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Altitude

Back 9

The distance above Earths surface, measured from sea level (the surface of Earths oceans)

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Troposphere

Back 10

Layer of atmospheric gases at 0km to 10km from Earths surface

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Mesosphere

Back 11

The third atmospheric layer above Earths surface

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Inversion

Back 12

a reversal of order, mutual functions

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Ozone

Back 13

A molecule made up of three atoms of oxygen

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Ozone

Back 14

A molecule made up of three atoms of oxygen

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Ozone layer

Back 15

A layer in the stratosphere containing high levels of ozone gas

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Ozone

Back 16

A molecule made up of three atoms of oxygen

Front 17

Ozone layer

Back 17

A layer in the stratosphere containing high levels of ozone gas

Front 18

Climate change

Back 18

Change that occurs in the climate of a region over time, usually a minimum of 30 years

Front 19

Ozone

Back 19

A molecule made up of three atoms of oxygen

Front 20

Ozone layer

Back 20

A layer in the stratosphere containing high levels of ozone gas

Front 21

Climate change

Back 21

Change that occurs in the climate of a region over time, usually a minimum of 30 years

Front 22

Adaptation

Back 22

Any change in the structure or function of an organism that makes it more suited to its environment

Front 23

Ozone

Back 23

A molecule made up of three atoms of oxygen

Front 24

Ozone layer

Back 24

A layer in the stratosphere containing high levels of ozone gas

Front 25

Climate change

Back 25

Change that occurs in the climate of a region over time, usually a minimum of 30 years

Front 26

Adaptation

Back 26

Any change in the structure or function of an organism that makes it more suited to its environment

Front 27

Scientific evidence

Back 27

Evidence collected in a manner that, as much as possible, ensures it is unbiased and reflects general situations, rather than particular events; is usually collected by trained scientists and checked by other scientists

Front 28

Ozone

Back 28

A molecule made up of three atoms of oxygen

Front 29

Ozone layer

Back 29

A layer in the stratosphere containing high levels of ozone gas

Front 30

Climate change

Back 30

Change that occurs in the climate of a region over time, usually a minimum of 30 years

Front 31

Adaptation

Back 31

Any change in the structure or function of an organism that makes it more suited to its environment

Front 32

Scientific evidence

Back 32

Evidence collected in a manner that, as much as possible, ensures it is unbiased and reflects general situations, rather than particular events; is usually collected by trained scientists and checked by other scientists

Front 33

Net radiation budget

Back 33

The difference between the amount of incoming radiation and outgoing radiation from Earth's surface and atmosphere

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Solar energy output

Back 34

Energy from the sun; generates by a hydrogen-hydrogen nuclear fusion reaction

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Terrestrial energy output

Back 35

Long-wave electromagnetic radiation originating from Earth and its atmosphere

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Net radiant energy

Back 36

sometimes called net flux, is the balance between incoming and outgoing energy at the top of the atmosphere. It is the total energy that is available to influence the climate

Front 37

Coriolis effect

Back 37

The deflection of any object from a straight line path, caused by the rotation of Earth.

Front 38

Current

Back 38

Flow from one place to another in one direction

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Jet stream

Back 39

A band of fast moving air in the stratosphere

Front 40

Convection

Back 40

The transfer of thermal energy by the movement of particles from one location to another

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Radiation

Back 41

Emission of energy as particles or waves

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Heat of fusion

Back 42

The amount of energy absorbed when 1 mol of a substance changes from solid phase to liquid phase, without a change in temperature

Front 43

Angle of incidence

Back 43

The angle between a ray falling on a surface and the line of the perpendicular to that surface

Front 44

Heat of condensation

Back 44

The amount of energy released when 1 mol of a substance changes from the vapor phase to the liquid phase, without a change in temperature

Front 45

Terrestrial energy output

Back 45

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Front 46

Heat of solidification

Back 46

The amount of energy released when 1 mol of substance in the liquid phase changes to the solid phase, without a change in temperature

Front 47

Hydrologic cycle

Back 47

The process by which water molecules move from Earth's surface into the atmosphere and then back again

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Phase

Back 48

The state of a substance (solid, liquid, or vapour)

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Quantity of thermal energy ***

Back 49

The amount of thermal energy absorbed or released when the temperature of a substance changes by a certain number of degrees; given by a equation (?)

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Specific heat capacity

Back 50

Amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1g of a substance by 1°C

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Tundra

Back 51

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Rain forest

Back 52

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Net radiant energy

Back 53

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Front 54

EMR spectrum

Back 54

The electromagnetic spectrum is the collective term for all known frequencies and their linked wavelengths of the known photons (electromagnetic radiation).

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Greenhouse gas

Back 55

Gases that contribute to the greenhouse effect

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Angle of inclination

Back 56

The degree by which Earth's poles are tilted from the perpendicular of the plane of its orbit

Front 57

Quantity of thermal energy

Back 57

The amount of thermal energy absorbed or released when the temperature of a substance changes by a certain number of degrees

Front 58

Insolation

Back 58

The amount of solar energy received by a region of Earth's surface

Front 59

Tundra

Back 59

Is the coldest of all the biomes. It is noted for its treeless plains, frost-molded landscapes, extremely low temperatures, little precipitation, poor nutrients, and short growing seasons

Front 60

Rain forest

Back 60

The tropical rainforest biome is an ecosystem that covers about 7% of the Earth's surface. They are found all over the world but the majority of the tropical rainforest lies in South America in Brazil. The weather in the tropical rainforest is rainy yet pleasant all year round, day or night.

Front 61

Grassland

Back 61

A grassland is a region where the average annual precipitation is great enough to support grasses, and in some areas a few trees. The precipitation is so eratic that drought and fire prevent large forests from growing.

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Deciduous forest

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Temperate deciduous forests are forests that are dominated by trees that lose their leaves each year. These types of forest are found in areas with warm, moist summers and fairly mild winters

Front 63

Taiga

Back 63

also known as boreal forest or snow forest, is a biome characterized by coniferous forests consisting mostly of pines, spruces and larches. The taiga is the world's largest biome apart from the oceans.

Front 64

Taiga

Back 64

also known as boreal forest or snow forest, is a biome characterized by coniferous forests consisting mostly of pines, spruces and larches. The taiga is the world's largest biome apart from the oceans.

Front 65

Desert

Back 65

A desert is a barren area of land where little precipitation occurs and consequently living conditions are hostile for plant and animal life.

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Biome

Back 66

A large geographical region with a particular range of temperature and precipitation levels, and the plants and animals that are adapted to those climate conditions

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Closed system

Back 67

Any system that exchanges energy with its surroundings but does not exchange matter.

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Open system

Back 68

A system that exchanges both matter and energy with its surroundings

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Prairie

Back 69

A subtype of grassland biome found in regions such as North America; prairies have cooler average temperatures than the other subtype of grassland biome, savanna

Front 70

Climatograph

Back 70

A summary of the average temperature and precipitation for each month of the year for a given location, presented as a graph

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Carbon sink

Back 71

Any process that removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, such as photosynthesis

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Carbon source

Back 72

Any process that releases carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, such as burning of fossil fuels

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Fossil Fuel

Back 73

Carbon-based fuels formed from the remains of living organisms

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Extrapolation

Back 74

The process of estimating the value of a measurement beyond the known values of a set of data

Front 75

Enhanced Greenhouse Effect

Back 75

The change in Earth's net radiation budget, caused by the increase in human-generated greenhouse gas