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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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types of water pollution
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infectious agents
oxygen-demanding wastes plant nutrients and cultural eutrophication toxic materials: inorganic and organic thermal pollution sediments |
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infectious Agents
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pathogenic organisms: can cause disease typically bacteria, viruses
-waterborne disease: typhoid, cholera, dysentery SOURCEL untreated human or animal waste bad sewage |
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oxygen-demanding waste
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sewage discharge- basically how much oxygn does waste take up
depletes the ecosystem because provides less for animals Biochemical Oxygen demand (BOD): amny of dissolved O2 cosumed by aquatic micro-organisms: test to see how fast organisms use up water -can tell if unnaturally elevated -therefore if use more oxygen: water is more polluted Dissolved O2: how much O2 in the H2O -determine if organism can survive |
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Plant Nutrients and cultural eutrophication:
oligotrophic |
clear ater and low productivity
offers little to sustain life very low nutrient levels high drinking water quality unproductive |
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plant nutrients and cultural eutrophication:
eutrophic |
murky water
more plant life high productivity |
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eutrophication
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natural process where nutrients and productivity increase over very long periods of time
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cultural eutrophication
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eutrophication caused by humans and may be more rapid and/or intense
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toxic materials
organic and inorganic |
-pesticides, petroleum, arsenic, lead acids, mercury, dioxin, etc.
effects: direct -bioaccumulation: total amount of pollutant remains in consumer, magnify in conectration up the food chain |
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Thermal pollution
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-raising or lowering water temperatures from normal levels
-aquatic organisms not well adapted -increase temp also decrease oxygen availability |
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Sedimentation
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-largest volume of water pollution in the US
-Transportation problems through sediemtn deposits in waterway -decrease water clarity -covers critical habitats |
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Sources of Water Pollution
point source |
anything with a pipe: 35% of pollution
-sewage treatment -factories -feedlots easy to regulate |
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sources of water pollution
non-point source |
dispersed and diffuse
-agriculture -construction -deforested land 65% polution is non-point source makes it relaly hard to monitor -expensive most significant source of pollution in inland waterways farmland is major contributor |
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hypoxia
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the dissolved oxygen is reduced to a point where aquatic organisms can no longer live there
hapens in higher temperatured and higher salinity |
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Brown Shrimp
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$460 Billion dollar industry
louisiana when there is hypoxia no catch |
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US Water policy
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safe drinking water act
farm bill clean water act |
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US water policy
safe drinking water act |
1974, amended in '86 and '96
regulates maximum contaminant levels ains for naximum contaminant level goals more restrictive--can be funded by superfund to clean up degraded water supplies |
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superfunds
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CERLA
protect people,families, communities and thers from contaminated toxic waste sites that have been abandoned |
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Clean Water act
history |
restore and maintain chemical, physical, and biological integrity of nation's waters
-based off Fed Water pollution control Amendments of '73 gained name through CWA '77 Amended with Water quality act of '87 |
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Clean water act
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effleunt guidelines
industrial pretreatment program national water quality inventory nonpoint source management program secondary treatment for municpal sewage specific targets on water standards |
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effleunt
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outflow of water from natural body of water or man-made structure
man-made structure: pollution outflow of sewage treatment and wastewater discharge from industrial facilities |
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effluent guidelines
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published for 56 categories of effluent
apply to 50,000 facilities |
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Industrial pretreatment program
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regulates industrial users contributing seawge to publicly owned treamtent works
target significant contributors of pollutants and requires pretreatment before input to the public system industry has to pay for cost of their conditions |
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national water quality inventory
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take inventory of water quality
limited water quality monitoring done by states: 39% rivers and streams and 45% of lakes do not meet water quality standards |
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non- point sorce
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states required to develop and implement plans o control NPS pollution
-rainfall runoff from farmed and urban areas, construction, forestry, an minig $400 million authorized o cover up to 60% of state's management plans on water bodies not expected to meet standard (incentive) |
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Secondary treatment for municipal sewage
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requires that all municipal sewage undergo secondary treatment
roughly 85% removal of wastes |
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total maximum daily load
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max amount of pollution discharge a water body can recieve and still meet water quality standards
-set by EPA --problems with state budget and resources to implement TMDL |
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Wetland permits
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administered by army corps of engineers
need if you want to fill a wetland |
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state revolving fund
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low interest loan program which helps municipalities in water treatment projects
-congress given more than %75 Bill $390 Bill will be needed in next 20 years |
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2008 farm bill
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Enviro quality incentives program
watershed protection conservation reserve program wetland enrollemtn pilot program lots of money |
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Wetlands, Aquatic Habitat, and Aquatic ecosystem services
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provided for everyone
prevent flooding purify runoff control greenhouse gas emmision |
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constructed wetlands
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6-acre tertiary wastewater treatment facility
-alternative to traditional wastewater treatment -recognixe ecosystem services provided by wetlands in form of water purification |
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lake ecoysytem services
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tourism
flood attenuation water source cultural value aesthetic value |
