Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
what is a tolerance range in an ecosystem? |
is the range of biotic and abiotic factors in which a particular species can exist |
|
|
intraspecific competition? interspecific competition? |
intra = same species inter = different species |
|
|
what is a niche? |
is a role that an organisms plays in an ecosystem |
|
|
fundamental niche? realized niche? |
fundamental = all possible niches an organism can fill realized = the actual role the organism fills |
|
|
what is a biome ? |
an area where vegetation shared a particular physical requirement FOR EX: all vegetation in rainforest need high precipitation and temperatures |
|
|
two main factors that determine the vegetation that grows in a biome? |
precipitation and temperatures |
|
|
abiotic and biotic factors? |
abiotic = non-living factors in an ecosystem (temperatures, sunlight, rain) biotic = living factors (organisms) |
|
|
what is a trophic level? |
a group of organisms that share the same energy level within a food chain or food web in an ecosystem |
|
|
why do most ecosystems food chains stop at the 3rd or 4th trophic level? |
because there is not enough energy to support any levels above that |
|
|
3 main types of symbiotic relationships? examples? |
symbiotic relationship is when two species interact on a daily basis. MUTUALISM is when both species benefit. COMMENSALISM is when one benefits and other is not harmed. PARASITISM one benefits and other is harmed. |
|
|
the difference between food web and food chains? |
food web contains many food chains. A food chain only follows one path as animals find food |
|
|
4 main levels of an ecosystem? |
individual, population, community, biosphere |
|
|
what is photosynthesis? |
the process by which green plants and other organisms use sunlight to synthesize food from CO2 and water |
|
|
chemical formula for photosynthesis? |
6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy = C6H12O6 + 6O2 |
|
|
where is most energy lost in ecosystem? |
metabolic processes as heat |
|
|
how much energy is moved from one trophic level to the next? |
10% |
|
|
wha is population growth? |
the increase of individuals within a population |
|
|
Logistic growth? |
as a population starts to feel the pressure of environmental restrictions as it reaches the carrying capacity, the growth will slow |
|
|
exponential growth ? |
as your population grows more individuals can reproduce. Rapid increase in population. assumes no limiting factors |
|
|
carrying capacity? |
a max population an ecosystem can hold due to limiting factors |
|
|
what are limiting factors? examples? |
any factors that limit the size of a population. EXAMPLES: competitors, diseases & parasites, weather, available habitat, predators |
|
|
difference between independent and dependent limiting factors? |
independent affect any population size equally, dependent affect certain population sizes more |
|
|
3 population types? |
type 1,2,3 species. type 1 have low reproduction rate and on average live long lives and have high late death rate. Type 3 have quick reproduction and have high early death rate. Type 2 have a constant death rate throughout life |
|
|
what are biogeochemical cycles? |
natural cycles that cause the movement of major nutrients around an ecosystem (carbon, water, nitrogen) |
|
|
difference between sink and a source? |
places that takes in carbon are sinks places that releases carbon are sources |
|
|
what is nutrient fixing? |
is taking nutrient that are in unusable forms such as in the atmosphere and change them so that they can be used by organism |
|
|
carbon and nitrogen fixed? |
carbon is fixed during photosynthesis. nitrogen is fixed by plants |
|
|
what are the major human disturbances in the carbon and nitrogen cycle? |
carbon cycle = humans burn CO2 which move carbon from geosphere to atmosphere nitrogen cycle = humans use fertilizers to place to much nitrogen in sources such as soils |
|
|
nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria? |
nitrifying bacteria converts nitrogen into a usable form for plants denitrifying bacteria converts nitrogen back into the atmosphere |
|
|
what is succession? |
the change in communities in an area over time to form a new ecosystem |
|
|
primary? secondary? and deflected succession? |
primary occurs when there is no previous soil or vegetation secondary exists when there is soil but no vegetation deflected is the stopping of succession by human involvement |
|
|
pioneer species? |
1st primary species that grow in the bare rock like lichens, mosses |
|
|
climax species? |
the final species to exist during successions like oak trees |
|
|
plagioclimax species ? |
the species that exist after deflected succession has occurred like grass in a cow farm |
|
|
primary succession? |
change that occurs in an area with no pre-existing vegetation or soil exists |
|
|
secondary succession? |
occurs in area where vegetation is destroyed but soil and roots are intact |
