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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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hypoxia
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low concentrations of oxygen in water
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feedback loop
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when a system's output serves as input to the same system
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negative feedback loop
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output acts as input that moves system in opposite direction
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positive feedback loop
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output acts as input that moves system in same direction
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erosion
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removal of soil by wind or water
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dynamic equilibrium
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when processes move in opposite directions at equal rates
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closed system
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isolated and self contained
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open system
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exchanging energy, matter, and information with other systems
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phytoplankton
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algae, protists, cyanobacteria
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lithosphere
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rock and sediment of the earth's crust
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hydrosphere
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all the water on our planet
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ecotone
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transitional zones where ecosystems meet or overlap
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gross primary productivity
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total amount of energy produced by autotrophs in an area
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net primary productivity
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total amount of energy produced minus the amount consumed by autotrophs for themselves
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macronutrients
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nutrients required in large amounts
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micronutrients
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nutrients required in small amounts
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biogeochemical cycles
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pathways that nutrients take as they move through the environment
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nitrogen fixation
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combination of nitrogen gas with hydrogen to form ammonia
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nitrogen-fixing bacteria
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bacteria that convert nitrogen gas to a usable form
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nitrification
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ammonium ions are converted so that plants may take them up
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denitrification
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conversion of nitrates in the soil to nitrogen gas
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transpiration
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release of water vapor by plants
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igneous rock
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rock that forms when magma cools
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lithification
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formation of rock
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sedimentary rock
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sediment crystallized into rock
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divergent plate boundaries
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when magma surges upward and divides plates
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transform plate boundaries
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when two plates meet and slide past one another
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convergent plate boundaries
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when plates collide into each other
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subduction
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when one plate sinks below another
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