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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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19. What population shifts have occurred in the U.S. since the industrial revolution?
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a. Industrialization (Late 1800s) – Rural to urban
b. After WWII (1950) – Urban to suburban c. 1980 – Northeast to South and west d. Today – Back to Rural |
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1. What is soil made of? How does soil provide air, water, and nutrients to plants?
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a. Eroded rock, minerals, decaying organic matter, water, air, and billion of organisms
b. The spaces between the soil particles hold water and air. Nutrients are either dissolved in the water physically attached to the soil particles themselves |
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5. Which soil layer – O, A, B, or C – contains a lot of organic matter and humus? Which one contains lots of plant roots for absorbing nutrients?
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O is highest, next is A
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9. Why are insect pests more of a problem today than they were 150 years ago?
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a. They have built up a genetic resistance; pesticides kill all organisms not just the pests so a resurgence of the pest species can occur; Mono-cultures
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10. How does industrialized, organic, and traditional subsistence farming practice differ?
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a. Industrialized – Use of machinery and fossil fuels. Pesticides and fertilizers used and monocultures
b. Organic – Industrial farming but no pesticides and crop rotation c. Traditional – Use of human and animal labor, few chemicals used because they are too expensive |
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what is the tolerance level of a pesticide?
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a. Different for all foods. Although EPA is supposed to test the 600+ active ingredients used it pesticides, only 10% have been tested and evaluated
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1. Give examples of nonrenewable and renewable energy sources
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Fossil fuels: oil, coal, and natural gas
Solar, wind, geothermal, and hydroelectric |
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14. Wastewater must be treated before we can dump it into a body of water or use it to water a golf course. Explain how solid organic matter, dissolved organic matter, dissolved nutrients like nitrogen, and pathogens are removed from the wastewater.
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a. Inorganic waste – Removed at the bar screen
b. Solid organic wastes – are broken down by bacteria; remaining solid waste settles out and is removed as sludge c. Dissolved organic waste – are broken down by bacteria d. Dissolved nutrients – removed by bacteria i. Denitrification removes the nitrates e. Pathogens – are either destroyed using chlorine gas or UV light |
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13. What is the greatest risk people face? What cultural risks do people expose themselves to everyday?
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a. Poverty
b. Smoking, exposure to UV light, drinking excessively, eating poorly, not exercising, and driving dangerously |
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12. What factors affect how detrimental a poison will be?
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a. Size of dose
b. Amount of time we are exposed c. How old we are when exposed d. How well our body can detoxify the poison e. Ability of poison to accumulate in tissues |
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11. What are some of the limitations of risk assessment?
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a. How reliable are the dosages we determine?
b. Should estimates focus on short-term or long-term? c. Who should do the risk analysis? d. Should the cumulative effects of various risks be studied? e. Should risk levels be higher for workers or general public? |
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10. List some hazardous products you may have in your homes.
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a. Cleaners, paints, and gasoline
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9. What are the characteristics of hazardous wastes? Give examples of theses wastes.
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a. Toxic or poisonous, combustible (gasoline, solvents, and paints), reactive or unstable enough to explode or release toxic fumes (acids and bases), corrosive to metals (cleaners)
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8. In 1976, hazardous wastes laws went into effect. How were hazardous wastes dealt with before 1976 and how are they dealt with today?
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a. Before 1976 – Absolutely no regulations
b. Today – Wastes are placed in storage (landfill, underground injection wells, etc.) |
