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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Limiting factor
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a shortage or absence of a factor can restrict the success of the species
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Competitive exclusion principle
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the concept that no two species can occupy the same ecological niche in the same place at the same time
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Detritus
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the small bits of nonliving organic material with photosynthetic bits in there at the bottom of the food chain
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Pioneer community
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tiny reproductive units of a few kinds of organisms that are used to start a community
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alpine tundra
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tundra like communities on mountain tops
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phytoplankton
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microscopic plants floating in the ocean(perform photos.)
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zooplankton
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microscopic animals of many kinds that feed on phytoplankton
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Benthic organisms
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attached or non-attached, live on the ocean bottom
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Oligotrophic lakes
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deep, cold, nutrient poor
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Eutrophic Lakes
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shallow, warm, nutrient-rich
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Biochemical oxygen demand(BOD)
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amount of oxygen used by decomposers to break down a specific amount of organic matter
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Periphyton
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the collection of algae, animals, and fungi attached to rocks at the bottom
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natality
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# of individuals added to a population through reproduction over a particular time period
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survivorship curve
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shows proportion of individuals likely to survive to each age
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Biotic potential
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biological ability to produce offspring
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Lag phase
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first portion of curve where the population grows very slowly because there are few births
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Exponential growth phase(log phase)
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Both the young and the parents are producing offspring
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Deceleration phase
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population slows as birthrate and death rate become more equal
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extrensic limiting factors
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factors that control the population coming from outside of the population
• Predators, loss of food |
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intrinsic limiting factors
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factors that control the population from within the population
• Crowded living conditions |
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Density-dependent limiting factors
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those that become more effective as the density of the population increases
• The larger a population becomes, the more likely it is that the predators will have a chance to catch some of the individuals |
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Density-Independent limiting factors
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population controlling influences that are not related to the density of the poulation
• Accidental or intrinsic • Ex. A flood |
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k-strategists
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organisms that typically reach a stable population as the population reaches the carrying capacity
o Occupy stable environments o Large organisms with long lives o Few offspring |
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r-strategists
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small organisms with short life who produce many offspring, exploit unstable environments, and do not reach a carrying capacity
o Bacteria, protozoa, insects, and some small mammals o High mortality in young |
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Total fertility rate
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the # of children born per woman
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Replacement fertility
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the # of children replaces the parent
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Organization for economic cooperation and development(OECD)
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the 25 countries that consume the most energy
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Acid deposition
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coal releases sulfur into the air when burned and causes acid rain
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Primary recovery methods
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If water or gas pressure associated with the oil is great enough, the oil is forced to the surface when a well is drilled
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Secondary recovery
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water or gas is pumped into a well to drive the oil out of the pores in the rock. Gets 40% of the oil
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tertiary recovery
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steam is pumped into a well to lower the viscosity of the oil
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nitrogen-fixing bacteria
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can convert nitrogen gas that eners the soil into ammonia
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nitrifying bacteria
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can convert ammonia to nitrite
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denitrifying bacteria
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can convert nitrite to nitrogen
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climax vs. successional community
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climax has been there for a while. successional is still forming
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