Entomology Review For Test #1

Front 1

Why Study Insects?

Back 1

1. Ubiquitous - density, # of species, distribution
2. Ecological Services, ecosystem stability (pollination, symbiosis)
3. Models/tools in biological studies (robotics)
4. Commercial products (honey)
5. Food (for birds, mammals, humans)
6. Medicine and Surgery (bee venom, maggot therapy)
7. Forensic entomology (blow flies)
8. Pest Management (IPM)
9. Aesthetic and cultural value (art, religion)

Front 2

Reasons for success?

Back 2

1. Exoskeleton
2. Small body size
3. Ability to fly
4. High reproductive potential
5. Complete metamorphosis
6. Adaptability

Front 3

Characteristics of arthropods

Back 3

- external segmented body
- jointed, paired appendages
- exoskeleton that is shed (molted)
- open circulatory system with dorsal "heart"
- excretion via malpighian tubules
- respiration via trachea and spiracles
- paired ventral nerve cord, dorsal ganlion
- bilateral symmetry
- separate sexes

Front 4

Arthropod Origins?

Back 4

Annelida, Onychophora and Tardigrada

Front 5

What are the similarities and differences between the arthropods and the annelids?

Back 5

Similarities: segmented, triploblastic, paired ventral nerve cord
Differences: lack segmented appendages, lack chitinous exoskeleton, lack tracheal system, closed circulatory system, excretion via nephridia

Front 6

What are the similarities of arthropods and the phylum onychophora?

Back 6

- growth by ecdysis (molting)
- elongate dorsal gonad
- highly reduced coelom
- arrangement of hemocoel and elongate, dorsal, ostiate heart
- trachea-spiracle system
- large, well developed brain
- antennae?

Front 7

What are the similarities of annelids nd the phylum onychophora?

Back 7

- soft cuticle
- cuticle not of articulating plates
- body wall musculature
- simple gut
- sensory organs
- paired segmental nephridia
- unjointed appendages

Front 8

What are the similarities of arthropods and the phylum tardigrada?

Back 8

- soft soft cuticle with chitin
- growth by ecdysis
- reduced coelom (arthropid-like hemocoel)
- open circulatory system

Front 9

Name the 5 arthropod subphyla.

Back 9

1. Trilobita - extinct
2. Chelicerata (spiders)
3. Crustacea (lobsters)
4. Myriapoda (millipedes)
5. Hexapoda (Entognatha Insecta)

Front 10

Name characteristics of the Subphylum Chelicerata

Back 10

- 2 body regions
- mouthparts of modified legs
- no antennae
- no compound eye

Front 11

Name the 3 living classes of Chelicerata.

Back 11

1. Xiposaura (horseshoe crabs)
2. Arachinida (spiders)
3. Pycnogonida (sea spiders)

Front 12

Name some characteristics of the Subphylum Crustacea

Back 12

- 2 pairs of antannae, 1 pair of mandibles, at least one pair of maxillae
- legs basically biramous
- 3 main body parts (head, thorax, abdomen)
- anamorphic development

Front 13

Name some characteristics of the Subphylum Myriapoda.

Back 13

- similar embryological development as insects
- 2 body regions (head and multi-segmented trunk)
- ametabolous development
- growth by molting with anamorphic growth

Front 14

Name the three entognathous hexapods.

Back 14

1. Protura (no eyes or antennae)
2. Diplura (no eyes, one pair of antennae)
3. Collembola (eyes and antennae)

Front 15

List a few characteristics of the class Entognatha.

Back 15

- Ametabolous development
- moist environments
- During molt, protura and collembola exoskeleton splits transversely behind the head rather than longitudinally
- Muscles entire length of the antennae, whereas insecta antennae have muscular only at basal segments
- indirect (external) sperm transfer

Front 16

List a few characteristics of the Entognathous Hexapoda.

Back 16

- independent evolution of the Entognatha and Insecta is indicated by head structure
- Entognatha have mandibles and maxillae deeply retracted into pouches

Front 17

List a few characteristics of the class Insecta.

Back 17

- 6-segmented head
- Ectognathous mouthparts (mandibles without palps, and maxillae and labium with palps)
- Antennae with intrinsic muscles in 1st 2 segments
- thorax, 3-segmented with one pair of legs
- legs 6 "segmented"
- abdomen, primitively 11 segmented with cerci
- respiration via spiracles on thorax (4) and abdomen (16)
- Excretion via malpighian tubules
- Epimorphic post-embryonic development
- most have compound eyes and wings in adult stages