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108 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Characteristics hymenoptera
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Bees ants wasp
Most beneficial order Plant pollinators Membranous wings Chewing muth parts but some modified for sucking lapping Ants, wasp All have complete metamorphosis (holometaboulous) The adults Female ovipositor can be modified into a stinging structure Females develop from unfertilized eggs males develop from parthenogenesis Poluembrony occurs in some Suborder symphyta:phytopahgus Suborder apocrita: carnivores pollen and nectar feeders. Bees are pollen and nectar feeds Wasp are carnivores |
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Suborder Symphyta
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Sawflies and hortails
Abdomen broadly attached to thorax Ovispositor well developed and saw like or horn like in form Larvae look like caterpillars( no crochets or greater than 5 pairs of prolegs) Pyhtophagus |
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Suborder Apococrita
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Yellow jackets honrets wasp
Carnivores Female queen overwonters starts nest in spring Castes(queensm workers, maes Workers feed and take care of nest |
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Brancoid wasp (Apocrita)
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Biological control agent fro tobacco hornworm larvae (tobacco & tomato crops pest)
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Spider Wasps (apocrita)
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Wasp find and paralyze spiders
Retuen spiders to nest and lay was eggs on.in spiders Wasp larvae feed on spiders until they emerge as adults |
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Ammophila or "tool maker wasps"
(Apocrita) |
Collect caterpillars and paralyze them
Find suitable place for nest Lay one or more eggs on caterpillar Find suitable rock to cover entrance Returns periodically to check on wasp larva |
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Bees (Hymonptera)
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Feed primarily on pollen and nectar
Nest started by females or queen Some painful stingers Castes members vary by species |
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Honey bees (hymonptera)
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Produce honey, wax important crop pollinators
Caste system (drones, workers and queen) Nest are perennial, new nests started when new queen is produced Nuptial flight with drones |
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Bumble Bees (hymenoptera)
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Build nest in ground depressin rodents nest and other places
Nest stared ny fertilized queen annually Castes(workers males queens) Very efficient pollinators |
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Carpenter Bees (hymenoptera)
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Build nest in wood can be destructive to buildings
Brood fed nectar/pollen Castes members (queens workers males Abdomen generally have hair |
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Ants (hymenoptera)
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All ants social, living in colonies
Characterized by one or two nodes between thorax and abdomen Elbowed antennae with 1st segment long Castes ( queen workers and males) Some household nuisance, leaf cutter ant may damage crops and plants. |
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Lepidoptera
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moths butterflies skippers
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Lepidoptera
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One of our largest insect orders
Greater than 175000 species described 10% are butterflies 89 % are moths Less than 1% skippers Largest moth has wing span of foot S.A. |
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Lepidotera Characteristics
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Scales on body overlapped like roof shingles produce colors and patterns as well as strenght and rigidity fro wings.
Ledipoteran have holometabolous metamorphosis. |
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Characterstics of lepidoptera
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Caterpillars vary in size or shapes and all have chewing mouth parts.
Caterpillars have prolegs which bear crochets or hooks Some larvae are phytophagus, others scavengers |
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Characteristics of lepidoptera
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Caterpillars may be found in twigs or vegetation
Many larvae distasteful so they are protected from predators( e.g Monarch caterpillars tabacoo hornworm larvae) Many caterpillars show camouflage Urticating Hairs Hairs/ setae produce irritations due to poison. Venom ( Saddleback caterpillars, IO moth Puss caterpillar, hag moth caterpillar |
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Characterstics of lepidoptera
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All produce silk from labial glands which are modified salivary glands
Pupae either Chrysalis (butterflies) or cocoons (moths) |
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Characteristics of Lepidoptera
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Adults usually covered with brightly covered scales
Probosics used to suck liquids or vestigial Many mimicry (Batesien. Or Mullerian) Migration best studied among monarchs Adults have sucking mouthparts |
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How to seperate Lepidoptera
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Antennae
Wings held at rest activity Activity Body Size Coloration Pupation |
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Seperating lepidoptera antennae
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a. Butterfly antennae
b. Moth antennae are feathery like or c. Skippers have hooked antennae |
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Seperating lepidoptera wing activity at rest
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a. Butterflies have out stretched wings
b. Skippers wings rest at different angles c. Moths wings tend to cover the body |
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Seperating Lepidoptera activity
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a. Butterflies tend to be very active during the day
b. Skippers are found during and dusk diurnal Moths are nocturnal |
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Seperating body size in Lepidoptera
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a. Abdomen of butterflies is slender and elongated
b. Skipper's abdomen is intermediate bigger than butterfly but smaller than moth c. Moth have very stout abdomen |
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Separating coloration in Lepidoptera
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a. Butterflies are generally very colorful
b. Skippers are less colorful generally not very bright c. Moths tend to be a grayish brownish blending in with night colors |
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speprating Pupation In Lepidoptera
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a. Chrysalis is butterflies
b.skippers Pupae generally surrounded by silk material silk like material is covered with leaves c. Moth pupae tend to be complete covered by cocoon |
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Swallow Tail butterflies
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§ Most have tail like projections on hind wings
§ Larvae have forked osmeterium § No economic importance (larvae do not feed on crops) |
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Milkweed/Monarch butterflies
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§ Cardiac glycosides(milkweed plants make distasteful and poisons in some predators
§ Migration patterns studied |
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Four footed or bush footed butterfly
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§ Largest family in order
§ 1st pair of legs is reduced so it looks like insect has only four legs |
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Skippers
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§ Larvae have neck like constriction and hid in loose cocoon
§ Feed inside of leaf shelter and pupation occurs in cocoon made of leaves |
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moths
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§ Moths makeup 90% of lepidopeterans
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caterpillars
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Some Caterpillars feed on fibers
Clothes caprpet moths & relatives Some caterpillars are crops.plants pest Bagworm moths clear wings moths hawkmoths, owlets .noctuid moth, tent caterpillar, gypsy moth caterpillars |
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Diaptera
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4th largest insect order
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Diaptera
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Characterstics
Many are of great economic importance Many serve as disease vectors (tsteste flies mosquitoes, deer flies, black lies Many aid in pollution of crops Sucking mouthparts. Holometabulous Larvae sometimes called maggots Larvae feed on organic maetrials few have hemoglobin some cause myasis and larvae genearlly live in moist hibitat |
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Dipatera pupae
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sometimes covered by puparium
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Dipatereans are sometimes...
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Some dipeterans are hemotophagous some are active predators some feed onorganic materials
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Chironomids or midgets
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have red blood
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Diaptera larvae
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Larvae are aquatic and occur in decaying organic material , some have hemoglobin in blood and are called blood worms serve as food for fish and other aquatic animals may be nuiscance near homes
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Predaceous Diaptera
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Syrphid or robber flies
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Robber Flies
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Large predaceous flies that feed on a vareity of insects
Adults occur on vegeetation and are pollinators of plants Can also inflict painful bite |
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Syrohid flies(Hover flies flower flies)
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Larvae predaceous on other insects resemble bees or wasps
Rat taile maggots found in polluted water and can cause intestinal problems |
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Face flies
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Flies found near eyes or nose and feed on secretions
Severe pest of cattle and cause economic loss Flies cause animals to lose weight produce less milk and become irritable. |
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House flies
Black flies Stable flies |
House flies
Breed in waste products decaying material used ptilinum to emerge Mechanically vector greater 100 pathogens |
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Tabanids(deer & horse flies)
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Females painful blood suckers of man & animals
Vectors disease: tularemia, anthrax, eye worm, loa loa |
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Mosquitoes
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belong to family Culicidae
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Characterstics of mosquitoes
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Scales on wings
Eggs laid on or in aquatic enviorments Larvae called wriggers or wigglers Larvae feed on organic materials Mosquitoes pupae are called tumblers Homolmetabulous |
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Characterstics of mosquitoes
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Adults females are blood suckers, males feed on liquids from a veariety of sources
Mosquitoes are probably number 1 vector when it comes to disease associated with mammals |
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Diseases vectored by mosquitoes
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Yellow Fever caused by a virus
Dengue fever caused by a virus Encephalitis is caused by a virus West Nile Virus is caused by virus Elephantiasis caused by nematode Dog heart worm caused by nematode Malaria caused by protazoa. |
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tsetse fly
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Serve as vector "sleeping sickness"
Serious pest of man and animals in Africa Adults a viviparious Responsible for large amount of land not being utilized in Africa third stage larva shows burrows into soil and pupates; 30 days later adult emerges |
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black fly
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Larve found in rapidly flowing water
Adults bite man and animals in Africa these insects vector a nematode that cause river blindness Adult worms found in nodules and immature worms circulate in blood and some enter eyes causing blindness |
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Order Pthiraptera
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Lice
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Order Pthiraptera Suborder Anoplura
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Sucking lice
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Order Pthiraptera Suborder Mallophaga
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Chewing lice
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Characterstics of Anoplura
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Obligate ectoparasites of mamals
Eggs of lice are called nits Life cycle egg→ first nymph →second nymph →third nymph→ adult |
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Head lice
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- Eggs (nits attach to the hairs on the head usually above ears and back of head.
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ecto parasite
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ectoparasite
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lice
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Nymph/ Adults hemaphtophagus
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lice treatment
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Have physcian check hair
Use prescribed shampoo and follow label directions Do not use insecticides sprays for control Plastic & metal combs |
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body lice
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Nits laid on clothes
Nymphs/adults leave only to feed Treatment for body louse wash clothing and use Hot water, sanitation is important |
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Louse Bourne disease
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Epedemictyphus caused by rickesettsia
Tranch fever caused by ricksettsia Relasping faver caused by a spirochate These diseases vectored only by body lice |
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Crab Louse
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Eggs (nits)attached to body hairs of pubic region legs under arms eyebrows eye lashes
And facial hairs Same color as head lice Nymphs and adult blood suckers Resemble crab and almost transparent Do not vector disease Transmission spread chiefly by body contract but can be acquired from toilet seats, beds, underwear, sex, intimate close contact. |
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Order Phithiraptera Chewing Lice
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Obligate paprasites of birds whrer they chee feed on epidermal skin cells hair debris feathers
Serious poultry pest May transmit tape worm dog |
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Order thysanoptera (thrips)
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Small incets w/ fingers of hairs on wings
Some are phytophagus and can vector plant dieases Others are predaceous on small anthropods a few may bite man Some serous pest of cultivated plants Mouths parts are chewing and sucking, feed on plant liquid Metamorphosis hybrid between paurometabulous and holometablous |
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Order Hemiptera
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True Bugs Heteroptera & Homoptera (homoterans) -plants eaters
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True Bug
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Stink bug
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True Bugs
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Scueteleun triangular shaped structure
Many have scent glands and give off odor when disturbed Some phytophagus, predaceous, hemotophagus- blood suckkers Have hautellate mouth parts (sucking) originated from onterioir head and extend ventrally Paurometabolous metatmorphos Beaks at top of head Mandibles at tip |
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plant eating true bugs
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Pyhtophagus
Monophagus Polypphagus |
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Terrestail phytophagus bugs
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Lace bug scultped lacey bugs feed on a variety of vegatetation causing damages to shrubs, flowers, etc, lace bug
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Terrestail phytophagus bugs
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Leaf footed Bug
Have leaf like looking structure or bug Cause damage to plants and fruits |
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Terrestail phytophagus bugs
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Bed bug
Assasin bug Ambush bugs Wheel bugs |
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Bed Bugs
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Blood suckers producing dermattits in humans
Hide in cracks crevices furniture etc during day and find victims at night Produce musty odor |
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Assassin Bug
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Also predaceous & bloodsucker
AKA cone nosed bugs Medium to large size Predaceous on many insects Painful bite to man Some hemetophageous on man "kissing bugs feed near mouth or on face." Vector Protozoa that causes changes disease in Central and South America Kissing bug is biological |
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Aquatic Predaceous Bugs
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Water strider
Glide on water surface; prey Gian Water Bugs Largetst aquatic true bug; sometimes attracted to light near water predaceous on other aquatic animals. Painful Bite |
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Order homoptera plant eaters
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Cicada
Hoppers tree plant leaf hoppers Aphids(plant lice) White Flies Scales Insects Mealy Bugs |
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Order homoptera
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All 4 wings with same texture
Sucking mouith parts arise from back of head No scent glands Paurometabolous metamorphosis All phytophaguos filter chamber produce honey dew Many cause considerable damage to crops by sucking saps Pthers capapble of transmitting plant bacteria viruses and other disease causing orgnism |
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cicadas
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Tymbol membranous sounds
Eggs depostied in twigs of shrubs/ trees Nymphs fall to ground enter soil and feed on roots of plants Adults may emerge years later lay eggs on plants |
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Fleas
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Wingless ectoparasites
Sucking motuh parts Spines move backwards Hind legs longer Holometabolous metamorphosis Females lay eggs in nest of animals Larvae chew on organic materails undigested blood from females Pupae within concoon covered with debris Vibrations cause adults emergence Flea importance Dermatitis Transmission of organisms that cause disease |
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Plague caused bacteria
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Bubonic plague
Sepitemic plague Pnuemonic plague Marine typhus caused by ricksettia Dog tape worm caused by worm |
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Eggs laid on plants; nymphs covered with foam like liquid fro protection ( sap feeders)
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frog hoppers homoptera
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Tree hoppers
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Tree hoppers are found on vegetation where they feed on sap
Tree hoppers are highly sculptured |
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Leaf hoppers
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Hind legs with spines
Injure plants by ovipositor which may kill plants Many serve as plant disease vectors |
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Aphids/plant lines homoptera
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Parthenogensis/neotny
Vector many plant dieases Produce honey dew/ants Wingless winged forms with cornicles Ants protect aphids in exchange fro honey dew. |
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white flies
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white powdery substance covers wings
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Scales insects
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Found on many plants
Porvided stains on shells Provide honey dew |
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Cleoptera (beetles)
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Largest insect order of insects
300,000 described species Fore wings 1st pair called eylytra Chewing mouth parts Holometabluolos metmorphois Beetles are pyhtophagus scavengers or carnivores Some pollinators |
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cleoptera characteristics
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Chewing mouthparts
Vary in size and shapes Some can bite through lead pipes Some have exgerated mandibles Hind wings for preying Some beatles have smout-liike mouth parts Pollinators Habitats are everywhere found in almost all locations Both terrestrial and aquatic |
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Aquatic Beetles
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Found in lakes stream and ponds
Whirligigig Beatles predaceous neatles Larave of predaceous beatles called Water Tigers |
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Terrestial beetles
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Some are phytophagus
Some are predators Some omnivores |
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phtyophagus beetles
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Japenece beetles,
click beatles |
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click beetles
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phtyophagus
larvae called wireworms and are destructive to roots and seeds adults have mechanism to upright themselves when turned over on back making click sound larvae called wireworm |
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predaceous beetles
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tiger
ground lady bird |
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ground beeltes
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superb predators
predaceous beetles on variety of insects found under debris or other materials in contact with soil some are beneficial |
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Leaf Hopper
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Hind legs with spines
Injure plants by ovipositor which may kill plants Many serve as plant disease vectors |
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Aphids/plant lines
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Parthenogensis/neotny
Vector many plant dieases Produce honey dew/ants Wingless winged forms with cornicles Ants protect aphids in exchange fro honey dew. |
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White flies
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white powdery substance covers wings
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Scale insects
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Found on many plants
Provided stains on shells Provide honey dew |
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Cleoptera (Beetles)
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Largest insect order of insects
300,000 described species Fore wings 1st pair called eylytra Chewing mouth parts Holometabluolos metmorphois Beetles are pyhtophagus scavengers or carnivores Some pollinators |
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Cleoptera
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Chewing mouthparts
Vary in size and shapes Some can bite through lead pipes Some have exgerated mandibles Hind wings for preying Some beatles have smout-liike mouth parts Pollinators Habitats are everywhere found in almost all locations Both terrestrial and aquatic |
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Aquatic beetles
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Found in lakes stream and ponds
Whirligigig Beatles predaceous neatles Larave of predaceous beatles called Water Tigers |
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Terrestrial Beetles
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Some are phytophagus
Some are predators Some omnivores |
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phytophagus beelte
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japanese, click,
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Click beetles
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phytophagus
larvae called wireworms and are destructive on roots and seeds adults have mechanism to upright themselves when turned over on bakc making clicking sound |
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predaceous beetles
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important group
tiger ground lady bird |
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Ground beetles
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superb predators
predaceous beetles on vairety of insects found under debris or other materials in contact with soil some are beneficial catepillar hunter bowbordeir beetle |
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Lad bug/ lady bird
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superb predators
predaceous beetles triger beetles with fierce predatory habits grubs (larvae) found in vertical tunnels |
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Fire Flies/ Lighing bugs
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Light communication
predaceous on insects larvae called glow worms |
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Carrion Beetles
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sanitation workers
svangers feed on dead animals and decaying vegetation some found underneath carrion where they lay eggs help to recycle dead in soil to reduce fly pop. |
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Pest Beetles
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Colorado Potatoe and Japanese beetle
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Scarab beetle
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scavenger or phytophagus
found in a variety of habitats cause major damage |
