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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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enthalpy change of combustion
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enthalpy change when one mole of a gaseous substance is completely burnt under standard conditions of 298k and 1atm
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enthalpy change of formation
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when one mole of a gaseous substance is made from its constituent elements under standard conditions.
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octane number
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measure of the tendency of a fuel to auto ignite.
the more branched the chain.../the more ring structured...../the higher the octane number....=The less tendency to auto ignite |
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knocking
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auto ignition of a fuel
-it damages the combustion cylinder -reduces engine performance |
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advantages of most fuels over petrol
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-they burn more completely bc they have higher octane ratings
-they are made from renewable sources |
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advantages of using suphur
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its in great supply
large reserves its in abundance |
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disadvantages of using sufur
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acid rain
photochemical smog bronchitis/asthma |
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reasons why enthapy change values from experiments differ from Data Book Values
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-incomplete combustion
-heat loss to surroundings -heatloss to calorimeter -failure to meet standard conditions -evaporation of fuel from wick |
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production of brighter flame
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due to complete combustion
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unsaturated
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when alkenes have fewer H atoms than alkanes.
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what determines bond angles?
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repulsion of electron pairs
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how does refining of alkanes produce fuels with higher octane rating
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by changing straight chain isomers into branched ones which have higher octane numbers
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reforming
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straight chain alkanes into ring compounds.
hydrogen is produced platinum is used as a catalyst. they are dispersed over solid aluminuim oxide. |
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entropy
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the measure of the number of ways of arranging particless.
it is affected by the state of matter of a substance. mixtures>gases>liquids>solids. |
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formation of NO in a car engiene
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N from air reacts with O at high temperatures.
N + O → NO |
