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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Plague: Bubonic, Pneumonic & Septicemic (Bug)
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Organism: Yersinia pestis [Gram(-) rod, lactose (-), oxidase (-), nonmotile, bipolar staining; facultative intracellular pathogen; zoonotic]
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Plague: Bubonic, Pneumonic & Septicemic (Reservoir, Vector, Transmission)
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Reservoir: Wild rodents (Sylvanic cycle); Urban rats (Urban cycle)
Vector: Flea Transmission: Flea bite; direct contact; respiratory droplets (only pneumonic plague) |
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Plague: Bubonic, Pneumonic & Septicemic (Virulence Factors and Pathogenesis)
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Virulence plasmids; Changes in genes expression in response to environmental changes (1) Changes in flea behavior: agglutination in flea's GI tract; (2) Survival in human body: Capsule (F1 protein), plasminogen activator: prevents opsonization, important for dissemination (3) Damage: Type III secretion system: Yop proteins (cytotoxic effect); endotoxin (septic shock); intracellular grow in reticuloendothelial cells
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Plague: Bubonic, Pneumonic & Septicemic (Clinical, Diagnosis, Treatment)
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Clinical Features: Bubonic plague: flu-like symptoms; Multiplication in regional lymph node => suppurative lymphadenitis = "Bubo"; Pneumonic plague: from bacteremia or inhalation: flu-like symptoms + cough, bloody sputum, dyspnea and cyanosis (rapid death due to septic shock); Septicemic plague (Black death): necrosis of peripheral blood vessels + disseminated intravascular coagulation
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Diagnosis: Serologic tests: direct immunofluorescence test (rapid, presence of F1); microscopy: gram stain or Giemsa - bipolar staining, culture: highly infectious
Treatment: Streptomycin or gentamicin, quarantine |
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Tularemia (Bug)
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Organism: Francisella tularensis [Gram(-) coccobacilli, requires cysteine, facultative intracellular pathogen; zoonotic pathogen, thin lipid capsule]
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Tularemia (Reservoir, Vector, Transmission)
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Reservoir: Wild animals (rabbits, squirrels, deer)
Vector: Hard shell Tick (Dermacentor), deer fly Transmission: Tick or fly bite, direct contact, inhalation, ingestion of contaminated food or water |
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Tularemia (Virulence Factors and Pathogenesis)
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Infects reticuloendothelial organs: multiplication in macrophages, hepatocytes and endothelial cells => necrosis and granuloma production in areas of multiplication; Survival: inhibition of phagosome-lysosome fusion; antiphagocytic lipid capsule
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Tularemia (Clinical, Diagnosis, Treatment)
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Clinical Features: Ulceroglandular form (75%): painful ulcerating lesion at site of infection; Oculoglandular form (1%): purulent conjunctivitis + lymphadenopathy; also Pneumonic, Gastrointestinal & Septicemic forms (10-15%, more severe)
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Diagnosis: Serologic tests; PCR, gram stain unsuccessful, requires cysteine-glucose blood agar
Treatment: Streptomycin or gentamicin |
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Brucellosis (Bug)
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Organism: Brucella spp. (abortus, melitensis, suis) [Gram(-) coccobacilli facultative intracellular pathogens, zoonotic pathogens]
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Brucellosis (Reservoir, Vector, Transmission)
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Reservoir: Domestic livestock
Vector: None Transmission: Direct contact, inhalation, ingestion of unpasteurized dairy products |
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Brucellosis (Virulence Factors and Pathogenesis)
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Multiply in macrophages in reticuloendothelial system => granulomas => septicemia; Inhibit phagosome-lysosome fusion; endotoxin
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Brucellosis (Clinical, Diagnosis, Treatment)
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Clinical Features: Flu-like symptoms; night sweats (undulant fever); Chronic illness: body aches, headache, anorexia, depression… few physical findings unless enlargement of reticuloendothelial organs
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Diagnosis: Serologic tests, culture
Treatment: Doxycycline + rifampin (for 6 weeks) |
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Trench fever [bacillary angiomatosis, subacute endocarditis] (Bug)
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Organism: Bartonella quintana [Gram(-) coccobacilli, zoonotic pathogen]
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Trench fever [bacillary angiomatosis, subacute endocarditis] (Reservoir, Vector, Transmission)
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Reservoir: Humans
Vector: Human body louse Transmission: Louse bite |
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Trench fever [bacillary angiomatosis, subacute endocarditis] (Virulence Factors and Pathogenesis)
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Prolonged bacteremia, WWI, now amongst homeless, little is known about pathogenesis; Bacillary angiomatosis: vascular proliferative disease in immunocompomised patients
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Trench fever [bacillary angiomatosis, subacute endocarditis] (Clinical, Diagnosis, Treatment)
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Clinical Features: Multiple recurrent febrile episodes "5-day fever" to persistent fever for 2-6 weeks; Skin lesions in bacillary angiomatosis cases
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Diagnosis: Serologic tests; PCR, fastidious growth requirements
Treatment: Erythromycin |
