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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define Enteric bacilli
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gram negative (-) coccobacilli or bacilli
causes UTI's when it invades from the anus or other sources may cause pneumonia or infection of any organ or tissue may lead to death due to kidney failure can spread easily in places such as daycares and petting zoos E-coli 0157H7n is a sub-type of E-coli |
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Escherichia coli 0157:H7
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most virulent of all E. coli that
produces powerful toxin that can cause severe illness letters and #'s refers to specific markers found on its surface and distinguishes it from other types of E coli |
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How is 0157H7 spread?
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eating undercooked hamburger meat
drinking unpasterized milk person to person contact in families and chilcare centers swimming in or drinking sewage-contaminated water |
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How 0157H7 can be prevented?
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eating throughly cooked ground beef
avoiding unpasterized milk wash hands, counters, and utensils w/hot soapy water after they touch raw meat wash fruits and veggies throughly in cool water b/c hot water opens pores in skin and let bacteria get in washing hands carefully if served undercooked meat send it back to be cook avoid drinking lake or pool water |
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What illness does 0157:H7 cause?
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severe bloody diarrhea, abdominal cramps, little or no fever, resolves in 5 to 10 days
can cause hemolytic uremic syndrome - red blood cells are destroyed and kidneys fails particulary in children under 5 and elderly 2%-7% infections lead to hemolysis uremic syndrome HUS in US is the principal cause of acute kidney failure in children most cases of HUS are caused by 0157:H7 |
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How is 0157:H7 diagnosed?
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testing a stool sample
most labs do not test for this - have to ask SMAC agar anyone who suddenly has diarrhea w/blood should be tested |
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how is 0157:H7 treated?
How is HUS treated? |
lots of fluids
NO anti diarrhea medicine life threatening usually treated in ICU blood transfusions kidney dialysis w/ ICU death rate of HUS is 3-5% |
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Long term consequences of 0157:H7
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can have diarrhea for the rest of thier lives
HUS can have abnormal kidney functions and some can have high blood presssure, seizures, blindness, paralysis, having part of bowel removed |
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Six Genus names in this catergory
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1. Escherichia
2. Klebsiella 3. Serratia 4. Enterobacter 5. Hafnia 6. Citrobacter |
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Coliforms
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Indicates that food and or water supply has been contanminated by fecal matter
found in intestines of human and animals, in soil, and on plants and decaying vegetation |
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Escherichia coli
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E coli
most common and important of coliforms Diseases can include septicemia, UTI's, neonatal meningitis, gastroenteritis,HUS and acute pyelonephritis (bad kidney infection) can live in frozen conditions ex: ice, and ice cream bacteria tested for in coliform counts |
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Stages of fecal bacteria infection
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1) Endotoxin shock
2)HUS - hemolytic liremic syndrome 3) TTP- Thrombotic thrombocytopenic pupera can advance to these stages even w/treatment |
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Negative shock
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serious complication from an infection from a certain gram (-) bacilli
AKA- septic shock, bacteremic shock, endotoxin shock |
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Seriousness (gravity) of negative shock
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death rate 50%-80%
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Salmonella Food Poisioning
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Salmonella enteritidis
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Symptoms of Salmonella Food Poisioning
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appears 8-48 hours after ingestion
last 2-7 days nonbloody diarrhea nausea, vomiting, fever, headache, and abdominal pains |
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Transmission of Salmonella Food Poisioning
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unwashed produce
feces to hands and then to others unrefrigerated meat and dairy products poultry eggs (cookie dough, french toast, ice cream) cat or dog with diarrhea carriers |
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Salmonella Food Poisioning can be designated as
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Enteritis
Gastroenteritis enterocolitis |
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Typhoid Fever
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Salmonella typhi
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Typhoid fever bacteria shape and gram stain reaction
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Gram (-) bacilli
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Two uncommon areas where Typhoid Fever will survive
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fresh water
freezing temperatures |
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Transmission of Typhoid Fever
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Fecal contaminated food and water
Humans are sole host carriers are asymptomatic |
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If a person is a carrier of Typhoid Fever, which internal organ is most likely to be inhibited?
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small intestines
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Who is Typhoid Mary?
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a cook in the the 1930's who was a carrier of Typhoid Fever but did not have any symptoms and never got sick but caused an epidemic by cooking for families and infesting them with the disease. was arrested finally and quarantined for the rest of her life.
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Symptoms of Typhoid Fever
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Fever
headache muscle pains vomiting abdominal pain loss of appetite |
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How many bacilli must be ingested to initiate Typhoid Fever?
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1,000-10,000
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Cholera
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Vibrio cholerae
Gram negative (-) curved bacilli w/single flagellum (football shape) |
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Transmission of Cholera
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food and water contaminated w/feces
shellfish found Gulf of Mexico |
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Individuals most likely to develop Cholera
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children and compromised elderly
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"Rice water stool"
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clear watery stool with a fishy smell and flecks of mucus
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How much fluid loss may occur with Cholera?
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1 liter per hour
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Symptoms of Cholera
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water stool w/fishy smell and flecks of mucus
intense dehydration decrease pH of body fluids muscle cramps convulsions hypotension shock fluid loss up to one liter |
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Campylobacter gastroentertis
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Campylobacter jejuni
gram (-) curved bacilli with single flagella |
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Define zoonotic
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infections that come from animals
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reservoirs of Campylobacter gastroentertis
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Poultry
dogs cats rabbits pigs cattle minks |
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Acquired by:
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humans through fecal contaminated food, water and milk
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Signs and symptoms
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Bleeding lesions and inflammation of the jejunum, ileum and colon
fever, abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea |
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Peptic ulcers
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Helicobacter pylori
slightly helical shape |
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Describe Peptic ulcers
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causes erosions of the mucous membranes of the stomach and duodenum (1st part of the small intestines)
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Aggravating factors of Peptic ulcers
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stress
alcohol spicy foods excessive stomach acids |
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Main source of the infection of Peptic ulcers
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fecal-oral
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Shigella
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Shigella dysenteriae
gram (-) bacilli AKA dysentery |
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Transmission of Shigella
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fecal/oral and person to person
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Symptoms of Shigella
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abdominal cramps, watery stools with mucus and blood
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What toxin is associated with Shigella
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Shigatoxin
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How does the toxin affect intestinal nerves?
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tells the large intestine not to absorb moisture resulting in diarrhea
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Which villa is invaded by Shigella?
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large intestines
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Shigella is caused by:
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improper sanitation
malnutrition |
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Places that are apt to contract Shigella
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daycares, prisons, nursing homes, military camps, mental institutes
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Listerosis
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Listerosis monocytogenes
Gram (+) nonspore-forming coccobacilli w/ Beta hemolysis |
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Symptoms of Listerosis
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only mild flu-like symptoms in healthy adults
meningitis and bacteremia |
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Transmission of Listerosis
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enters body in contaminated food and drink
uncooked vegetables *hot dogs (leading food where we see Listerosis) deli meat soft cheeses fowl fish insects unguates (hoofed animals) |
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Most common human infection associated w/ Listerosis
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meningitis
bacteremia |
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Persons at greatest risk of Listerosis
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elderly
pregnant women newborns adults w/weakened immune system |
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2 antibiotics used to treat Listerosis
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Penicillin
amoxicillin |
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Will Listerosis grow in Refrigerator?
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yes
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Type of hemolysis
bacterial shape Gram stain reaction |
Beta hemolysis
coccobacillus Gram (+) |
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Ungulates
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hoofed animals
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