Ent Review Sinus And Nasal Extras

Front 1

Rhinophyma
-Cause
-precursor
-Surgery

Back 1

- Demodex folliculorum
- Acne rosacea
-Full thickness excision

Front 2

Inverted Papilloma
- Mucosa
- HPV association

Back 2

- Schneiderian mucosa
- HPV 6,11

Front 3

Types of papilloma
- Most common (MC) and site

Back 3

1) Fungiform (MC) - septum
2) Cylindrical - Nasal wall
3) Inverted

Front 4

Fisch's Classifications

Back 4

I- Nasal Cavity
II- + Bone, PMF or Sinus
III- ITF, orbit, parasellar
IV- Bad stuff- cavernoius, pit

Front 5

DDX for vascular mass in Nose?

Back 5

- JNA
- Pyogenic granuloma:septum, pregnant
- Hemangiopericytoma: 10% malignant, 50% recur

Front 6

When does a ENT patient need a colonoscopy

Back 6

Multiple osteomas --> Gardner's (Intestianl polyps --> malignant)

Front 7

MC etiology of Anosmia, #2

Back 7

Paranasal disease > URI

Front 8

Kallmans vs. Kartageners?
- Inheritances

Back 8

- Kartageners = AR, ciliary dysfuntion (Dynein arms), TRIAD: bronch, CRS, situs
- Kallmans= X-linked recessive TRIAD- Hypogonad, hyposmia, failed puberty

Front 9

Easy way to remember Major criteria fo Sinusitis?

Back 9

A- Anosmia
B- Blockage
C- Congestion
D- Drainage/Drip
F- Fever
F- Facial pain

Front 10

Chandler Classification

Back 10

1) Preseptal cellulitis
2) Orbital cellulitis
3) SPA
4) Orbital abscess
5) Cavernous sinus thrombosis

Front 11

Tobey- Ayer or Queckenstedt's test
- When?
- How?

Back 11

- In Cavernous sinsu thrombosis
- Push on obstructed IJV --> Nothing, Push on opposite --> Increased ICP

Front 12

MC intracranial complication of Sinusitis

Back 12

Meningitis

Front 13

Superior orbital fissure syndomre vs. Orbital Apex

Back 13

SOFS: III,IV, VI and V1
OAS: Add II --> papilladema, vision changes

Front 14

MC Fess complications

Back 14

Synechia

Front 15

MHC type and associated CD T cell
- Tip

Back 15

Multiplied together = 8
MHC1 : CD8 (1x8 =8)
MHC2 : CD4 (2x4=8)

Front 16

Types of B cell activation
- Steps for each

Back 16

- T cell mediated
1) B cell take in antigen
2) Present Antigen on MHC II
3) T cell --> IL 2 and IL 4
4) B cell matures to plasma cell --> IG
- T-cell independent
1) large antigen piece bridges b cell receptors --> plasma cell differentiation

Front 17

Name Immunoglobulins
1) Most abundant
2) MC in secretions
3) Crosses placenta
4) Early phase
5) Allergy

Back 17

IgG, IgA, IgD, IgM, IgE
1) IgG
2) IgA
3) IgG
4) IgM
5) IgE

Front 18

Cytokine (CK) quiz
1) Function of IL-1, CK with similar effect
2) CK(s) B cell --> Plasma cell
3) Eosinophil proliferation and survival
4) Antiviral and antitumor
5) Immunosuppressive
6) Most cytotoxic, made by NK cells

Back 18

1) Stimulates IL-2, TNFa&b
2) IL2, IL4
3) IL5
4) IFN a,b,y
5) TGF-B
5) IFN y

Front 19

Most common hypogammaglobulinemia
- problem

Back 19

Common variable immunodeficiency
- Failure of B cell maturation

Front 20

X-linged Agammaglobulinema
- Inheritance
- Problem

Back 20

- XLR
- tyrosine kinase problem, B cells can't mature

Front 21

Most common B cell defect (Enough produced but error)
- Problem

Back 21

Selective IgA deficiency
- IgA B cells don't --> Plasma cells

Front 22

MC subclass

MC Selective IgG deficiency in children and adults? Problems?

Back 22

IgG1

Children IgG2 - encapsulated bacteria
Adults IgG3- problem with viral infections, M. catarrhalis adn S. pyogens

Front 23

Problem in DiGeorge
- Genetic
- Development

Back 23

- T cell disorder
- Chormosome 22
- thrid and forth branhial pouch

Front 24

Wiskot Aldrich Syndrome
- Triad
- Treatment

Back 24

- Thrombocytopenia, eczema, infections
- IVIG, Bone marrow, splenectomy

Front 25

Ataxia-Telangiectasia
- Defect
- Ig Deficiency

Back 25

- DNA repair
- IgA

Front 26

Nerves at sphenopalatine ganglion

Back 26

DP (post-syn S)
GSPN (pre-syn P)
V2

Front 27

IGG sublcass deficiency associated with recurretn sinusitis

Back 27

IgG2

Front 28

What are Bowman's glands

Back 28

- glands beneth olfactory epithelium

- secretions are odor binding

Front 29

Location of maxillary Antrostomy

Back 29

Above inferior turb, at anterior border of MT

Front 30

Classic Complement system vs. Alternative pathway

Back 30

Innate immunity

- Triggered by antibody-antigen complexes

- Alt: Activated by C3 binds surface of infectious agents (No antibody)

Front 31

Best place to biopsy for AIFS

Back 31

Middle turbinate > Septum

Front 32

Describe Jones I and II
- What do results mean?

Back 32

Jones I: Dye in eye, look for it in nose. Fail --> Jones II

Jones II: Flush lacrimal system with saline (Bypass eye and proximal lacrimal system)

Results in Nose:
Dye = Blockaged in lower sac or duct --> DCR

Saline = Proximal block --> repair canalicular system

Front 33

Name of mucosal flap covering nasolacrimal ostia

Back 33

Valve of Hessner

Front 34

Frontal Cells classification

Back 34

I) Single cell above AN
2) Multi cells above AN
3) Large cell from AN into sinus
4) Isoalted cell in sinus

Front 35

Reliable landmarks for SP foramen

Back 35

- posterior middle tubinate attachement
- Crista ethmoidalis

Front 36

Sinus --> epidural abscess, pathogen

Back 36

Staph

Front 37

Absolute and relative indicatiosn for pediatric FESS

Back 37

Abs
- CF
- Antrochoanal polyp
- Mass
- Abscess
- Dacro
- Vision change
- Fungus

Rel
- CRS for 2-6 weeks without ABx response
- CRS

Front 38

Most important thing for taste?

Most important thing for smell?

Back 38

- Smell

- Air flow

Front 39

If superior turbinate is resected --> Smell?

Back 39

Nothing

- ONly one-sixt of Superior turbinate specimens have olfactory mucosa

Front 40

How does rhinovirus attach

Back 40

ICAM-1