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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Centor criteria for tonsillitis |
Tender anterior cervical lymph nodes Exudate on tonsils Absence of cough Temperature > 38 |
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Antibiotics in suspected or confirmed group A beta-haemolytic strep tonsillitis |
Phenoxymethylpenicillin Clarithromycin if penicillin allergic |
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Referral criteria for tonsillectomy |
>= 7/year for 1 year, >=5/yr for 2 years, >=3/yr for 3 years Sx have been severe enough to disrupt life, cause excessive school absence |
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2 year old presents after a few days of URTI with otalgia, spiking fevers and hearing loss |
Acute otitis media |
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Indications for admission for a child with AOM |
<3 months 3-6 months but with fever >39 Systemic illness |
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Indications for antibiotics in AOM |
Persistent symptoms after 4 days Systemic illness Immunocompromised Bilateral AOM Perforated TM |
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Antibiotic treatment of AOM |
Amoxicillin for 10 days |
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Child presents with chronic hearing loss and speech delay. No otalgia, otorrhoea, or fever |
Glue ear (chronic otitis media with effusion) |
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Management of glue ear |
Conservative - watch and wait for 6-12 weeks Medical - Otovent, hearing aids Surgical - grommet insertion and myringotomy |
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Child presents with otorrhoea followed by otalgia. On examination there is redness and inflammation of the ear canal. What is the management? |
Acetic acid + steroid ear drops Neomycin ear drops if infected |
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Acute management of epistaxis |
Compression on cartilaginous part of nose, lean forward If stops bleeding - Naseptin If does not stop after 15 mins => nasal packing, cautery If does not stop bleeding after 15 mins of treatment => A+E |
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Indications for ENT in recurrent epistaxis |
< 2 years old as unusual in this age group Male, 12-20 yrs => angiofibroma? Sx suggestive of cancer => facial pain, hearing loss, nasal obstruction, lymphadenopathy |
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Weber's lateralises to left. Rinne's negative in left ear |
(Rinne's negative = BC>AC) Left sided CHL |
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Weber's lateralises to left. Rinne's positive in both ears |
SNHL on right side |
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Systemically unwell child presents with red, boggy mastoid. The ear canal is normal. What is your diagnosis and management |
Acute mastoiditis. Refer urgently to ENT |
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Differential diagnosis CHL in children |
Glue ear Wax impaction TM perforation Eustachian tube dysfunction Otosclerosis Cholesteatoma |
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Management of a fractured nose |
Refer to ENT within 7 days Manipulation under anaesthetic within 10-21 days |
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Management of allergic rhinitis - intermittent, want as required treatment. |
Allergen avoidance Intranasal antihistamines or oral antihistamines |
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Management of allergic rhinitis - nasal polyps/obstruction |
Intranasal corticosteroid |
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Management of allergic rhinitis - sneezing, rhinorrhoea |
Intranasal corticosteroid, oral antihistamine |
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Interpreting audiograms |
- Anything above 20dB line is normal - In CHL only air conduction is impaired - In SNHL both are impaired - In mixed air often worse than bone |
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Cancers assoc w/ EBV |
Burkitt's lyphoma Nasopharyngeal carninoma Hodgkin's lymphoma |
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Trigeminal neuralgia |
- Severe, unilateral 'shock-like' pain, intermittent, triggered by touching face - Carbamazepine |
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Meniere's disease |
- Episodic hearing loss, vertigo and tinnitus, can last hours. Sense of aural fullness - Resolve in 5-10y. Majority end up with degree of hearing loss - Refer to ENT for diagnosis - Inform DVLA - Px acute- prochlorperazine - prevent - betahistine |
