Ent 17.1

Front 1

what are some of the surgical options are available

Back 1

correct deformities of the ear and restore function of the ear

Front 2

Auricle –

Back 2

portion of the ear visible on each side of the head

Front 3

External auditory canal –

Back 3

extends from the auricle to the tympanic membrane

Front 4

• Tympanic membrane (eardrum) –

Back 4

separation between the outer & middle ear, disk shaped, pearly gray in color, translucent. Major portion of the membrane is fibrous tissue called the pars tensa (where the drainage tubes are inserted)

Front 5

what are the characteristics of the outer ear

Back 5

Auricle, external auditory canal, tympanic membrane (eardrum)

Front 6

Middle Ear –

Back 6

air filled chamber located within the temporal bone

Front 7

what are three small bones called

Back 7

auditory ossicles

Front 8

malleus

Back 8

hammer

Front 9

incus

Back 9

anvil

Front 10

stapes

Back 10

stirrups

Front 11

Inner Ear –

Back 11

consists of two main sections: bony (osseous or perilymph) labyrinth and the membranous labyrinth.

Front 12

What are the three compartments of the osseous labyrinth

Back 12

are the vestibule, the semicircular canals, and the cochlea

Front 13

What are the principal organs of equilibrium are the

Back 13

vestibule & semicircular ducts

Front 14

what cranial nerve is the vestibulocochlear neve?

Back 14

cranial nerve VIII

Front 15

what does the vestibular branch of the vestibulocochlear nerve do?

Back 15

carries the information related to the equilibrium to the cerebral cortex

Front 16

What is the definition for deafness

Back 16

– Reduction of hearing, no matter how slight

Front 17

What are the characteristics of a tuning fork

Back 17

• Small two-pronged metal device • Emits a clear tone of a fixed pitch when tapped • Used as a diagnostic tool to perform an initial assessment of a patient’s level of hearing • May be used intraoperatively on a patient under local anesthesia to determine improvement

Front 18

Audiometry

Back 18

More sophisticated method of testing a patient’s hearing

Front 19

Audiometer •

Back 19

Machine capable of emitting a tone at several different pitches and volumes • Patient indicates to the examiner which sounds are heard

Front 20

Otoscope

Back 20

Handheld, lighted instrument for viewing the external auditory canal

Front 21

What is used for visualizing bony structures

Back 21

CT scan

Front 22

What is used for defining soft tissue

Back 22

MRI

Front 23

Tympanogram

Back 23

Measures vibrations of the eardrum by placing a probe against the tympanic membrane

Front 24

Electronystagmography (ENG)

Back 24

Tests the balance mechanism in the inner ear • Cool, then warm liquid is introduced into the ear canal • Stimulates rapid eye movements

Front 25

what are the instruments for a basic ear procedure

Back 25

Iris scissors, Farrior ear specula, brown applicator, buck ear curettes, adson bayonet dressing forceps, sexton ear knife, frazier-ferguson scution tip, baron suction tip, house alligator ear forceps

Front 26

What is the nerve stimulator for?

Back 26

identification of the facial & vestibulocochlear nerves

Front 27

what is the Power instruments used for?

Back 27

– rotating drill with a variety of burrs

Front 28

what is the Continuous irrigation system used for?

Back 28

cooling tissue & removal of debris

Front 29

what is the position of the table for a ear procedure?

Back 29

Operating table is reversed to allow space under the foot portion of the table to accommodate the surgical team sitting

Front 30

what type of drape is used in ear procedure and why?

Back 30

turban style drape to restrain hair

Front 31

what are some examples of dressing?

Back 31

either cotton balls or mastoid dressing

Front 32

what are the different option for repairing a damaged or diseased tympanic membrane?

Back 32

autografts, allografts, xenografts, synthetic grafts

Front 33

Autografts

Back 33

from the same person

Front 34

allografts

Back 34

from same species (cadavor)

Front 35

xenograft

Back 35

from animals

Front 36

What is contraindication for ear surgery?

Back 36

nitrous oxide

Front 37

Why is nitrous oxide contraindicated for ear procedure?

Back 37

causes expansion of the middle ear & can cause dislocation of a tympanic membrane graft

Front 38

what are the types of drugs used in ear procedures?

Back 38

local anesthetics with or without epinephrine (surgeons preference), Gelfoam, bone wax, antibiotics (wound irrigation, ointment, drops or suspension & anti-inflammatory agents

Front 39

What are the ear procedures?

Back 39

myringotomy, tympanoplasty, mastoidectomy, stapedectomy, cochlear implant

Front 40

what is otitis media?

Back 40

a very common acute inflammation of the middle ear, primary symptom is severe ear pain.

Front 41

what procedure is done if otisis media occures?

Back 41

myringotomy

Front 42

what is a myringotomy?

Back 42

creating a surgical opening into the tympanic membrane to remove the accumulated fluid & insertion of a PE tube

Front 43

What does PE stand for

Back 43

Pressure-equalizing

Front 44

myringotomy procedure

Back 44

Only a Mayo stand is needed for the procedure • After placement of the speculum, wax (cerumen, wax is produced & formed in the ear canal) will be removed • Incision made with myringotomy knife • PE tube is placed into the tympanic membrane & positioned with the Rosen probe (pick)

Front 45

tympanoplasty

Back 45

performed to treat a variety of conditions affecting the tympanic membrane & the ossicular chain. • Surgeon may choose either transaural or retroauricular (postauricular) approach. • Ear tray & Micro-instrumentation

Front 46

what is the autograft that is usually used for a tympanoplasty?

Back 46

temporalis facisa

Front 47

what is otosclerosis?

Back 47

occurs when there is a bony overgrowth of the stapes. This progressive disease is hereditary, affecting women more than men. Eventually the footplate of the stapes becomes fixed to the oval window, preventing the normal sound vibrations from entering the inner ear.

Front 48

stapedectomy

Back 48

Equipment – Power drill with burs, Operating microscope used to visualize the middle ear, depth gauge used to measure the distance from the incus to the stapes footplate (to ensure proper prosthesis), sterile tuning fork used to test the hearing Postop care: Avoid loud noises until ear retrains itself to hear sounds properly, avoid getting ear wet until completely healed.

Front 49

what nerves does the sensorineural deafness invovle?

Back 49

involves the cochlea & acoustic nerve

Front 50

what is the equipment for cochlear implant procedure?

Back 50

– Cochlear implant, other items are same as for mastoid procedure

Front 51

oto-

Back 51

combining form the means ear

Front 52

myringo-

Back 52

combining form that means tympanic membrane(ear drum)

Front 53

gelfoam

Back 53

type of absorbable gelatin hemostatic agent that is made from purified pork skin gelatin; available in either pad or powder form; it's placed over an area of bleeding to control hemorrhage

Front 54

cholesteatoma

Back 54

benign cyst or tumor that fills the mastoid cavity and erodes the mastoid air cells. A mass that is composed of cholestrol & epitheal cells that is ether congenital or occurs as a complication of chronic otoitis; located in the middle ear.

Front 55

-sclerosis

Back 55

suffix relating to hardening of the sturcture of tissue due to a pathological occurrence

Front 56

dynamic equilibrium

Back 56

the individual's ability to adjust to displacements of the body's center of gravity