Enriched History Final Study -Terms/events

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Great Migration

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Mass migration of some 60,000 English people to the Americas in the 1600s

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Magna Carta

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(1215) Signed by King John of England; document that limited the power of the moarchy, guaranteed basic liberties for nobles, and protected trading rights

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Middle Passage

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Voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indies

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Crusades

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(1096-1221) Series of five wars fought between Christians and Muslims for control of Palestine

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Boston Massacre

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(1770) Incident in which British soldiers fired into a group of colonists gathered in front of a customs house, killing several people

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Great Compromise

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(1787) Agreement worked out at the Constitutional Convention; granted each state an equal voice in the upper house of the legislature and representation according to population in the lower house

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Republicanism

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Belief that everyone was born with "natural rights" (John Locke)

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Three-Fifth's Compromise

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(1787) Stated that 3/5 of a state's slave population would count in determining that state's representation in th elower house of Congress

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Boston Tea Party

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(1773) Protest against the Tea Act in which a group of colonists boarded British tea ships and dumped 342 chests of tea into Boston Harbor

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Emancipation Proclamation

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(1863) Order announced by President Abraham Lincoln in 1862 that freed the slaves in areas rebelling against the union; took effect January 1, 1863

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Anaconda Plan

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Union plan during the civil war for a naval blockade; compared to an Anaconda snake

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Patriots

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Colonists who supported independence during the Revolutionary War

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Nationalism

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National pride or loyalty

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Antebellum

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Pre-Civil War

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Hajj

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Trip made by Muslims to the Islamic holy city of Mecca

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Great Awakening

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Series of religious revivals that swept through the British colonies in mid-1700s

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Writs of Assistance

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Special search warrants that allowed colonial tax collectors to search for smuggled goods

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Checks and Balances

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system established by the constitution; allows for sharing of power among branches of government and prevents any one from becoming too powerful

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Strict Construction

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Philosophy of narrowly interpreting the Constitution; holds that thegovernment can do only what the Constitution specifically allows

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Missouri Compromise

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(1820) Agreement proposed by Henry Clay that allowed Missouri to enter the Union as a slave state, Maine to enter as a free state, and banned slavery in the Louisiana Purchase north of the 36°30' line

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Nativism

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Favoring native-born Americans over foreign-born

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Specie

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Gold or silver that a bank held to back up its notes

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XYZ Affair

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(1797) Incident in which French agents demanded a bribe and loan from U.S. diplomats in exchange for discussing an agreement that French privateers would no longer attack American ships; led to an undeclared naval war between the United States and France

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Clermont

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(1807) The first steamboat capable of carrying heavy loads upstream

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Adams-Onis Treaty

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(1819) Agreement inwhich Spain transferred East Folrida to the United States

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12th Amendment

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(1804) Constitutional amendment that created a separate ballot for president and vice president

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Interhangable Parts

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Process developed by Eli Whitney in the 1790's that called for mass production by use of identical, replaceable parts

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Marbury v. Madison

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(1803) Supreme Court case that established the principle of judicial review

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Midnight Judges

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Appointed Federalists by President Adams on his last day in office to a number of new circuit posts

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Prohibition

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Complete ban on the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcohol

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Oregon Trail

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Route to Oregon Territory in the 1800's

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Fugitive Slave Act

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(1850) Law that made it a federal crime to help runaway slaves and allowed for the arrest of escaped slaves even in areas where slavery was illegal

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Popular Sovereignty

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Practice of allowig voters in a territory to decide whether to permit slavery there

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Mayflower Compact

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(1620) Document written by Pilgrim settlers that established a self-governing colony based on majority rule of male church members

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Republican Motherhood

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Concept in the early American republic proposing that women could influence politics and society through their work in the home

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Monroe Doctrine

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(1823) President James Monroe's statement that the United States would not iterfere in European colonies in Latin America but would consider any new attempt to colonize in the Western Hemisphere

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54th Massachusetts Infantry

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African American Union regiment that helped capture Fort Wagner in South Carolina during the Civil War

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Republic

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System of government run by elected officials

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Mercantilism

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Economic system in which a noation's power is tied to its stock of precious metals

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Hessians

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Hired soldiers primarily from the German state of Hesse; sent to help defeat the Americans

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Impeachment

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Process of bringing charges against the president

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Loose Contruction

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Philosophy of constitutional interpretation; holds that within broad limits the government can do anything the Consitution does not specifically forbid

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Trail of Tears

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(1838-39) An 800-mile forced march the Cherokee made from their homeland in the Southeast to Indian Territory in present-day Oklahoma; resulted in the deaths of almost one quarter of the tribe's members

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Manifest Destiny

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Belief of many Americans in the mid-1800's that God intended the United States to expand westward

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Jenny Hederick

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Terms/Events