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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Rene Descartes
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French, Father of Rationalism, deductive reasoning, "Cogito Ergo Sum". Books: Discourse on Method and The Mediations
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Francis Bacon
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The Scientific Method, English, Experimental methodology
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Nicholas Copernicus
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Polish, proponent of heliocentric model,Catholic didnt want to offend church, "The Commentariolous" and "Concerning the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres", circular orbits
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Tycho Brahe
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Dutch, Collects lots of astronomical data, suggests moon and sun revolve around Earth, and other planets revolve around Sun
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Johannes Kepler
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German, Disproved Tycho, proved orbits are elliptical not circular, 3 lawas of planetary motion
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Galilio Galilei
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"Father of Science", Italian, defends heliocentric model, improves telescope, "The Starry Messenger", explains speed and motion.
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Isaac Newton
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English astronomer, synthesized works of previous scientists, "The Principia"-View of the world, 3 Laws of Motion, decribed gravity
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Andreas Vesalius
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Belgian Anatomist, Wrote "On the fabric of the Human Body" - first anatomy text
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William Harvey
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English, Described the functioning of heart and circulatory system
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Carolus Linneas
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Swedish botanist, classification, naming system, naming flora and fauna
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Marquis de Condorcet
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Like Petrarch, human progress, humans can progress "Progress of Human Mind", advocates free schooling, constitutionalism
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Jean Lamarck
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French biologist, early theory of evolution
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Immanuel Kant
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synthesized rationalism/empiricism, gives enlightenment definition "Sapere aude"
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Madame de Pompadour
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Louis XIV mistress, hostess of Salons, most famous ones by her
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Voltaire
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Most famous philosophee,urged toleration, attacked relics of medieval society, "rebel riser"
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John Locke
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Empiricist, Rationalist, rejected absolute gov't, tabula rasa, natural rights, religious freedom. "Two Treaties of Govt"
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Diderot
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French Philosopher, wrote 1st encyclopedia, Catherine de Great's librarian
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Baruch Spinoza
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Dutch, Closely identifies god and nature, characterized as the same thing, excommunicated by the church, Jew
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Moses Mendelssohn
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Jew philosopher, urges religious toleration, wants rationalism to provide foundation for toleration
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Thomas Hobbes
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"Leviathan" supports abs/central monarchy, anti-humanist, hates divine right, people driven by passion
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Adam Smith
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Economics, founded laissez-faire, some gov't involvement, urges mercantilism
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Rousseau
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Philosophized on nature of society and gov't. "social contract", thought we were selfish,
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Baron de Montesquieu
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3 branches of gov't, constitutional gov't
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mary Wollstonecraft
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"A Vindiction of the Rights of Woman", education, women right's movement, english
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Olympe de Gouge
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"The Rights of Women"- decl. of rights of woman and female citizens, beheaded French Rev., democracy
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Catherine de Great
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Polish, Learned Russian, Overthrew Russian husband become empress.
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Frederick the Great,
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King of Prussia, considers freeing serfs, codification of Prussia
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Joseph II
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Religious toleration, Austria, Control over church, abolish serfdom
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Maria Theresa
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Pragmatic Sanction, only female ruler, gov't reforms
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Thomas Paine
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English, "Common Sense' FOunding Father, Not Christian,
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David Hume
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Scottish, Empirisism skeptisism, "A treatise of Human Skeptisism", desire over reason
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Jeremy Bentham
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Utilitarian, treat everyone good doesnt matter type of person is for the better good.
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Margaret Cavendish
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Made fun of, advocate for animal rights, scientist
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Queen Cristina
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Patron to arts, knowledgeable, Swedish, studied with Descartes, Philosophee
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Blaise Pascal
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have to reason to have faith, Science not meant to improve life, understnad why you have it, stong mind=strong person, knowledge>death
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