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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Period in which people started to question the nature of absolute governments
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Enlightenment or Intellectual Revolution
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Definition of "revolution"
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a change
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belief in a relationship between the people and the government; the people give the government its power and the government protects the rights of the people
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SOCIAL CONTRACT
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Meetings of the educated in wealthy people's homes to discuss the ideas of the Enlightenment; especially in Paris
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SALONS
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Another term for an Enlightenment thinker
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PHILOSOPHE
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Another term for questioning
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INQUIRY
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Philosophe who believed people were born naturally selfish and needed an absolute government to regulate society
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THOMAS HOBBES
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A government in which a king or queen controls all decisions in a country
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ABSOLUTE MONARCH/ABSOLUTISM
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Book written by Hobbes describing the many roles of an absolute ruler in protecting the needs of the people
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LEVIATHAN
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Philosophe from England who believed the people have the right to overthrow a government that does not protect their rights
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JOHN LOCKE
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Locke's three natural rights
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LIFE, LIBERTY, PROPERTY
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Term for rights you are born with
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NATURAL RIGHTS
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Philosophe who believed in separation of powers in government to prevent tyranny
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MONTESQUIEU
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Separating the powers in government among three branches to prevent tyranny is referred to as...
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CHECKS AND BALANCES/SEPARATION OF POWERS
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This philosophe believed strongly in freedoms of speech and religion
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VOLTAIRE
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Female philosophe who championed women's rights
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MARY WOLLSTONECRAFT
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Philosophe who wrote a book called The Social Contract - described how people give up individual rights to the will of the majority
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JEAN-JACQUES ROUSSEAU
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Term for the "right to rule"
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SOVEREIGNTY
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Rousseau's belief that the government should respond to the demands of the majority; similar to a direct democracy idea
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GENERAL WILL
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Philosophe that was against cruel and unusual punishment
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CESARE BECCARIA
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Term for a ruler who believed in Enlightenment ideas while ruling with absolute authority
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ENLIGHTENED DESPOT
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Another term for an autocratic government
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DICTATORSHIP/ABSOLUTE MONARCHY/TYRANNY
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Government in which all citizens take part in making decisions
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DIRECT DEMOCRACY
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Government in which citizens elect representatives to make decisions
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REPRESENTATIVE DEMOCRACY/REPUBLIC
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Monarch of France; also known as the "Sun King"; believed his power came from God
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Louis XIV (14th)
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Term for a monarch who believed his/her power comes from God
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DIVINE RIGHT
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Absolute monarch of Russia who westernized Russia whether the nobles wanted it or not
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CZAR PETER THE GREAT
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