Engr 330

Front 1

What is the definition of fluid?

Back 1

Any substance which deforms continuously when acted on by a shearing stress.

Front 2

Describe continuum hypothesis?

Back 2

Treats matters being continuous substance opposed to being made up of particles

Front 3

What is the mean free path?

Back 3

Average distance a molecule travels before collision with another molecule

Front 4

What is a dimensionally homogeneous equation?

Back 4

All dimensions are equal on both sides of the equations. ( lhs=rhs )

Front 5

What is the difference between unit and dimension?

Back 5

Dimension is a measure to express a physical variable qualitatively.
Units are the magnitudes attached to the dimension.

Front 6

What are the dimensions of pressure in MLT system?

Back 6

Pressure-------M/LT^2

Front 7

What are the dimensions of energy,k in MLT system?

Back 7

Energy---------(ML^2)/T^2

Front 8

What are the dimensions of velocity, in MLT system?

Back 8

Velocity--------L/T

Front 9

What are the dimensions of acceleration,
in MLT system?

Back 9

Acceleration—L/T^2

Front 10

What are the dimensions of Dynamic viscosity in MLT system?

Back 10

Viscosity Dynamic --- M/LT

Front 11

What are the dimensions of kinematic viscosity, in MLT system?

Back 11

Viscosity Kinematic---L^2/T

Front 12

What are the dimensions of , surface tension, in MLT system?

Back 12

Surface Tension----M/T^2

Front 13

What are the dimensions of force, in MLT system?

Back 13

Force-----------ML/T^2

Front 14

What are the dimensions of work in MLT system?

Back 14

Work-----------ML^2/T^2

Front 15

What is the difference between mass and weight?

Back 15

Weight is mass multiplied by the acceleration due to gravity.

Front 16

What is the unit of mass in BG, SI and EE system?

Back 16

SI-Kg
BG-slug
EE-lbm

Front 17

What are the definitions of (in terms of equation) density, specific weight, specific gravity? e.g density = mass/volume

Back 17

Specific Weight------ γ=ρ*g
Specific Gravity------Ratio of Densities (ρf/ ρw)

Front 18

How is kinematic viscosity related to absolute viscosity?

Back 18

Shear Stress is equal to the viscosity multiplied by the rate of shearing strain (du/dy)

Front 19

What is a no-slip condition?

Back 19

Observation that the fluid sticks to the solid boundaries.

Front 20

Define Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids and give examples to each.

Back 20

Newtonian is fluids for which the shearing stress is linearly related the shearing strain.
Non-Newtonian is not linearly related

Front 21

Define shear thinning and shear thickening fluids. Give examples to each.

Back 21

Thickening fluids- apparent viscosity increases with shear rate
Thinning fluids- apparent viscosity decreases with shear rate

Front 22

What can you say about the behavior of viscosity and density of liquids and gases with respect to temperature?

Back 22

The density and viscosity in gas is variable with changes in temperature and pressure.
The viscosity is variable with changes pressure and temperature for fluids
The density is relatively constant in fluids with changes of pressure and temperature

Front 23

Define speed of sound and vapor pressure.

Back 23

The velocity at which a sound wave propagates through a given medium.
Vapor pressure or equilibrium vapor pressure is the pressure exerted by a vapor in thermodynamic equilibrium with its condensed phases (solid or liquid) at a given temperature in a closed system.

Front 24

What is the equation for Ideal gas law?

Back 24

Pv=mRT

Front 25

Define gage pressure and absolute pressure.

Back 25

Gage pressure is gage pressure
Absolute pressure is gage pressure plus atmospheric pressure

Front 26

Define surface tension, capillary action, contact angle, boiling and cavitation.

Back 26

Surface tensions-the intensity of the molecular attraction per unit length along any line in the surface is called the surface tension (sigma)
Capillary action- Capillary action, or capillarity, is the ability of a liquid to flow in narrow spaces without the assistance of, and in opposition to external forces like gravity.
Contact angle- angle of contact between the liquid and surface
Boiling- When the absolute pressure equals the vapor pressure
Cavitation- collapse and formation of vapor bubbles of a fluid.

Front 27

What is Pascal's Law?

Back 27

Pressure at a point in a fluid at rest or in motion is independent of direction as long as there are no shearing stresses present.

Front 28

What is an incompressible fluid?

Back 28

A fluid with a constant density

Front 29

Define vacuum pressure

Back 29

A negative gage pressure

Front 30

What is an inviscid fluid? What is the thermal conductivity of an inviscid fluid?

Back 30

A fluid which is assumed to have zero viscosity and has zero thermal conductivity

Front 31

Barometer- .

Back 31

a device which measures atmospheric pressure

Front 32

Manometer-

Back 32

A manometer could also refer to a pressure measuring instrument, usually limited to measuring pressures near to atmospheric.

Front 33

Bourdon pressure gage-

Back 33

measures higher pressures than a manometer

Front 34

Aneroid barometer-

Back 34

a mechanical gage used for measuring atmospheric pressure.

Front 35

What does zero viscosity imply in terms of heat transfer?

Back 35

Zero heat transfer except for radiation

Front 36

What are the assumptions made in the derivation of the Bernoulli equation

Back 36

Viscous effects are assumed to be negligible
The flow is assumed to be steady
The flow is assumed to be incompressible
The equation is applicable along a streamline

Front 37

What is a streamline?

Back 37

The lines that are tangent to the velocity vectors throughout the flow field

Front 38

Explain the operating principle of pitot-static tube to measure the fluid velocity.

Back 38

Knowing the static and stagnation pressures in a fluid implies the fluid speed can be calculated using this equation. (Pstatic = Pstagnation+1/2 density of fluid multiplied by veloctiy^2)

Front 39

What are the pressure & velocity at the free surface of a large reservoir?

Back 39

Zero gage or atmospheric

Front 40

What is the exit pressure for an incompressible free jet?

Back 40

Zero, pressure is converted to velocity

Front 41

What are the equations and units for mass flow rate and volume flow rate?

Back 41

Q1=Q2
Volume flow rate L^3/s

Front 42

Does the resultant static force acting on a submerged inclined plane surface act through the centroid of the submerged body?

Back 42

no

Front 43

Archimedes principle states that the buoyant force has a magnitude equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the body and is directed vertically downward

Back 43

false

Front 44

In the derivation of the Bernoulli equation what is assumed to be negligible?

Back 44

viscous effects

Front 45

To apply F = ma normal to the streamlines, the normal components of force are needed.

Back 45

true

Front 46

The pressure outside a tornado is what compared to the pressure near the center of the tornado?

Back 46

greater than

Front 47

The Bernoulli equation can be written in terms of heights called what?

Back 47

heads

Front 48

The velocity at a stagnation point will be greater than the velocity at surrounding areas.

Back 48

false

Front 49

The total pressure is equal to the sum of the static pressure, dynamic pressure, and?

Back 49

hydrostatic pressure

Front 50

The exit pressure for an incompressible fluid jet is equal to what?

Back 50

surrounding or atmospheric pressure

Front 51

What term is used when the fluid pressure is reduced to the vapor pressure?

Back 51

cavitation

Front 52

Flow meters based on the Bernoulli equation, used to measure flowrates in open channels such as flumes and irrigation ditches, include devices like the sluice gate and the sharp-crested weir.

Back 52

true

Front 53

The hydraulic grade line and what else are graphical forms of the Bernoulli equation?

Back 53

energy line

Front 54

The incompressibility assumption made in the derivation of the Bernoulli equation can yield considerable error in which of the following cases?

Back 54

when gases are being studied

Front 55

Which of the following selections are all British Gravitational System units?

Back 55

foot, second, pound, Rankin, and slug

Front 56

Is S=1/2(a*(t^2))+Vt, a dimensionally homogeneous equation (‘S’- Units are m and ‘a’ and ‘V’ are acceleration and velocity respectively, t in secs)?

Back 56

TRUE

Front 57

What is the definition of specific gravity?

Back 57

the ratio of the density of a fluid to the density of water

Front 58

How can the absolute pressure be found by using the gage pressure?

Back 58

by adding the gage pressure and the atmospheric pressure

Front 59

What is the no-slip condition that all fluids satisfy?

Back 59

the experimental observation that the fluid “sticks” to the solid boundaries

Front 60

What is the no-slip condition that all fluids satisfy?

Back 60

the experimental observation that the fluid “sticks” to the solid boundaries

Front 61

Shearing stress can be increased by____.

Back 61

increasing pressure

Front 62

Boiling, which is the formation of vapor bubbles within the fluid mass, is initiated when the absolute pressure in the fluid reaches the vapor pressure.

Back 62

TRUE

Front 63

The dimensions of surface tension are:

Back 63

F/L

Front 64

What forces act upon a fluid if no shearing stresses are present?

Back 64

Only pressure and weight.

Front 65

Which of Newton's Laws is applied to the fluid element to develop the basic equation for the pressure field?

Back 65

2nd Law

Front 66

When working with liquids that have a free surface, what is meant by the reference pressure, po?

Back 66

The pressure at the free surface of the fluid.

Front 67

The pressure at any point in a static fluid depends only on the;

Back 67

Depth, surface pressure, and specific weight.

Front 68

Absolute pressure is always positive?

Back 68

TRUE

Front 69

What does a negative gage pressure mean?

Back 69

A vacuum pressure exists in the measured fluid.

Front 70

A major advantage of the U-tube manometer is,

Back 70

The fact that the gauge fluid can be different from the fluid in which the pressure is to be determined.

Front 71

In a Bordon pressure gage, a zero reading indicates that the pressure is equal to absolute pressure?

Back 71

FALSE

Front 72

When a surface is submerged in a fluid, the resultant pressure force on the body acts in what manner? Assume no sheer forces are present.

Back 72

Perpendicular to the surface of the body.

Front 73

Tou (shear stress) acts in what direction?

Back 73

Direction of flow.