English Vocabulary

Front 1

Dilution

Back 1

a lessening of real value (as of equity) by a decrease in relative worth; specifically : a decrease of per share value of common stock by an increase in the total number of shares/Dilutions of voting power/The company is working to prevent dilution resulting from stock splits or similar transactions.

Front 2

run afoul

Back 2

conflict: go against, as of rules and laws; "He ran afoul of the law"; "This behavior conflicts with our rules"/Laws requiring property ownership as a requirement for voting seem to run afoul of another case/

Front 3

Extenuate: Extenuating circumstances

Back 3

showing reasons why a wrong or illegal act, or a bad situation, should be judged less seriously or excused/There were extenuating circumstances and the defendant did not receive a prison sentence.
Cases of illness and other extenuating circumstances that may have affected a student's performance will be dealt with by a personal tutor.

Front 4

Canvass: Canvassing board in the local election

Back 4

*Solicit votes from (electors in a constituency).
"in each ward, two workers canvassed some 2,000 voters". synonyms: campaign, electioneer, stump, barnstorm
*discuss thoroughly.
"the issues that were canvassed are still unresolved

Front 5

Ad Hoc: ad hoc teams

Back 5

Arranged or happening when necessary and not planned in advance
an ad hoc meeting to deal with the problem
The meetings will be held on an ad hoc basis.

Front 6

Per Curiam

Back 6

In law, a per curiam decision (or opinion) is a ruling issued by an appellate court of multiple judges in which the decision rendered is made by the court (or at least, a majority of the court) acting collectively and unanimously.[1] In contrast to regular opinions, a per curiam does not list the individual judge responsible for authoring the decision, but minority dissenting and concurring decisions are signed.
Per curiams are not the only type of decision that can reflect the opinion of the court. Other types of decisions can also reflect the opinion of the entire court, such as unanimous decisions, in which the opinion of the court is expressed with an author listed. The Latin term per curiam literally means "by the court"

Front 7

Credence

Back 7

*a quality that an idea or a story has that makes you believe it is true
Historical evidence lends credence to his theory.
*belief in something as true
They could give no credence to the findings of the survey.
Alternative medicine has been gaining credence(= becoming more widely accepted) recently.

Front 8

Invidious

Back 8

unpleasant and unfair; likely to offend somebody or make them jealous
We were in the invidious position of having to choose whether to break the law or risk lives.
It would be invidious to single out any one person to thank.

Front 9

Clamor: Candidates are clamoring for a place

Back 9

to demand something loudly/People began to clamour for his resignation/to shout loudly, especially in a confused way
A crowd of reporters clamoured around the car.

Front 10

Modicum: Modicum of Support

Back 10

a fairly small amount, especially of something good or pleasant
They should win, given a modicum of luck.

Front 11

Splintered: Splintered parties

Back 11

a small, thin, sharp piece of wood, glass, or similar material broken off from a larger piece.
"a splinter of ice"
synonyms: sliver, shiver, chip, shard; More
verb
verb: splinter; 3rd person present: splinters; past tense: splintered; past participle: splintered; gerund or present participle: splintering
1.break or cause to break into small sharp fragments. "the soap box splintered"
synonyms: shatter, break into tiny pieces, smash, fracture, split, crack, disintegrate, crumble; More

Front 12

Far-Fetched: justification is far-fetched

Back 12

very difficult to believe
The whole story sounds very far-fetched.

Front 13

write-in

Back 13

a vote cast for an unlisted candidate by writing their name on a ballot paper.
"the results showed 70 blank ballots and 770 write-ins"

Front 14

Destitute: Destitute defendants

Back 14

without money, food and the other things necessary for life
When he died, his family was left completely destitute.

Front 15

Coram Nobis

Back 15

Coram nobis or coram vobis also known as error coram nobis or error coram vobis (from Latin quae coram nobis resident, or quae coram vobis resident, "which [things] remain in our presence", or "in your presence", respectively: the "things" referred to are the records of the original case.[1]) is a legal writ issued by a court to correct a previous error "of the most fundamental character" to "achieve justice" where "no other remedy" is available.[2] A petition for writ of error coram nobis is generally brought before the trial court, while a petition for writ of error coram vobis is brought before an appellate court. Both coram nobis and coram vobis differ from habeas corpus in that they do not have a custody requirement.

Front 16

Corollary

Back 16

corollary (of/to something) (formal or technical)
a situation, an argument or a fact that is the natural and direct result of another one
In rural areas, the corollary of increased car ownership has been a rapid decline in the provision of public transport.

Front 17

Comity: The process offended comity

Back 17

courtesy and considerate behavior toward others.
2.
an association of nations for their mutual benefit.

Front 18

Prefatory: Prefatory clause of the 2nd A

Back 18

serving as an introduction; introductory.
"the poet makes this clear in a prefatory note on the text"
synonyms: introductory, preliminary, opening, initial, preparatory, initiatory, precursory More

Front 19

Enshrine: Enshrinement of the constitutional rights

Back 19

to make a law, right, etc. respected or official, especially by stating it in an important written document
These rights are enshrined in the country's constitution.
November 4, 2008 is already enshrined as a key date in American history.

Front 20

Palliative care

Back 20

Palliative care (from Latin palliare, to cloak) is an area of healthcare that focuses on relieving and preventing the suffering of patients. Unlike hospice care, palliative medicine is appropriate for patients in all disease stages, including those undergoing treatment for curable illnesses and those living with chronic diseases, as well as patients who are nearing the end of life. Palliative medicine utilizes a multidisciplinary approach to patient care, relying on input from physicians, pharmacists, nurses, chaplains, social workers, psychologists and other allied health professionals in formulating a plan of care to relieve suffering in all areas of a patient's life. This multidisciplinary approach allows the palliative care team to address physical, emotional, spiritual and social concerns that arise with advanced illness.

Front 21

nepotism

Back 21

the practice among those with power or influence of favoring relatives or friends, esp. by giving them jobs.
synonyms:favoritism, preferential treatment, the old boy network, looking after one's own

Front 22

Interlocutory

Back 22

Interlocutory is a legal term which can refer to an order, sentence, decree, or judgment, given in an intermediate stage between the commencement and termination of a cause of action, used to provide a temporary or provisional decision on an issue. Thus, an interlocutory order is not final and is not subject to immediate appeal.
In many American legal systems, interlocutory orders are not appealable, except in a few extraordinary cases.[1] When the case is concluded, any aspect of an interlocutory order that has not become moot may be challenged in an appeal from the final judgment.[2] However, in other legal systems, such as in England and Wales and in Canada, interlocutory orders in civil matters can be appealed by leave of the appellate court. In criminal matters in Canada, the general rule is that there are no interlocutory appeals, except where Parliament has expressly provided.

Front 23

Deflect

Back 23

cause (something) to change direction by interposing something; turn aside from a straight course.
"the bullet was deflected harmlessly into the ceiling"
synonyms: turn aside/away

Front 24

Boil down

Back 24

: to reduce in bulk by boiling
2
: condense, summarize <boil down a report>
intransitive verb
to undergo reduction in bulk by boiling
a : to be equivalent in summary : amount <his speech boiled down to a plea for more money>

Front 25

Anecdotal

Back 25

a : of, relating to, or consisting of anecdotes <an anecdotal biography>
b : anecdotic 2 <my anecdotal uncle>
based on or consisting of reports or observations of usually unscientific observers <anecdotal evidence>
3of, relating to, or being the depiction of a scene suggesting a story <anecdotal details>
— an·ec·dot·al·ly adverb

Front 26

Pervasive: the pervasive nature of the problem

Back 26

(esp. of an unwelcome influence or physical effect) spreading widely throughout an area or a group of people/television's pervasive influence on our culture

Front 27

Elusive:

Back 27

difficult to find, catch, or achieve.
"success will become ever more elusive"
synonyms:difficult to find;

Front 28

Abate

Back 28

(of something perceived as hostile, threatening, or negative) become less intense or widespread.
"the storm suddenly abated"
synonyms: subside, die down/away/out, lessen, ease (off), let up, decrease, diminish, moderate, decline, fade, dwindle, recede, tail off, peter out, taper off, wane, ebb, weaken, come to an end

Front 29

Shamble

Back 29

(of a person) move with a slow, shuffling, awkward gait.
"he shambled off down the corridor"
synonyms: shuffle, drag one's feet
Noun: a slow, shuffling, awkward gait.

Front 30

Seditious Libel

Back 30

inciting or causing people to rebel against the authority of a state or monarch.
"the letter was declared seditious"
synonyms: rabble-rousing

Front 31

Pervade

Back 31

(esp. of a smell) spread through and be perceived in every part of.
"a smell of stale cabbage pervaded the air"
synonyms: permeate, spread through, fill, suffuse, be diffused through, imbue, penetrate, filter through, percolate through, infuse, perfuse, flow through;

Front 32

Endow

Back 32

give or bequeath an income or property to (a person or institution).
"he endowed the church with lands"

Front 33

Blunt

Back 33

make or become less sharp.
"wood can blunt your ax"
Blunt the impact of pretrial publicity

Front 34

Repudiate: Grave repudiation of the 1st A.

Back 34

rejection of a proposal or idea.
"the repudiation of reformist policies"
rejection, renunciation, abandonment, forswearing, giving up; More
denial of the truth or validity of something.

Front 35

Molestation of inhabitant

Back 35

to annoy, disturb, or persecute especially with hostile intent or injurious effect

Front 36

Canvass: Door to door canvassing regulations

Back 36

solicit votes from (electors in a constituency).
"in each ward, two workers canvassed some 2,000 voters"
synonyms: campaign, electioneer, stump, barnstorm More
question (someone) in order to ascertain their opinion on something.
"they promised to canvass all member clubs for their views"
synonyms: poll, question, ask, survey, interview More
try to obtain; request.
"they're canvassing support among shareholders"
synonyms: seek, try to obtain More
2.
discuss thoroughly.
"the issues that were canvassed are still unresolved"
noun
noun: canvass; plural noun: canvasses
1.
an act or process of attempting to secure votes or ascertain opinions.
"a house-to-house canvass"

Front 37

Proselytize

Back 37

convert or attempt to convert (someone) from one religion, belief, or opinion to another.
"the program did have a tremendous evangelical effect, proselytizing many"
synonyms: evangelize, convert, save, redeem, win over, preach (to), recruit, act as a missionary More
advocate or promote (a belief or course of action).
"Davis wanted to share his concept and proselytize his ideas"

Front 38

Astute: We must be astute to examine

Back 38

having or showing an ability to accurately assess situations or people and turn this to one's advantage.
"an astute businessman"

Front 39

Pernicious: Pernicious effect

Back 39

having a harmful effect, esp. in a gradual or subtle way.
"the pernicious influences of the mass media"

Front 40

Ostracism: Social Ostracism

Back 40

exclusion from a society or group.
"the family suffered social ostracism"
(in ancient Greece) temporary banishment from a city by popular vote.

Front 41

Scruple: Religious Scruple

Back 41

a feeling of doubt or hesitation with regard to the morality or propriety of a course of action.
"I had no scruples about eavesdropping"
synonyms: qualms, compunction, pangs/twinges of conscience, hesitation, reservations, second thoughts, doubt(s), misgivings, uneasiness, reluctance More
historical
a unit of weight equal to 20 grains, used by apothecaries.
archaic
a very small amount of something, esp. a quality.
verb
verb: scruple; 3rd person present: scruples; past tense: scrupled; past participle: scrupled; gerund or present participle: scrupling
hesitate or be reluctant to do something that one thinks may be wrong.
"she doesn't scruple to ask her parents for money"

Front 42

Modus Operandi

Back 42

Modus operandi (plural modi operandi) is a Latin phrase, approximately translated as "method of operation".[1] The term is used to describe someone's habits of working, particularly in the context of business or criminal investigations. In English, it is often shortened to M.O.
The expression is often used in police work when discussing a crime and addressing the methods employed by the perpetrators. It is also used in criminal profiling,[2] where it can help in finding clues to the offender's psychology.[3] It largely consists of examining the actions used by the individual(s) to execute the crime, prevent its detection and/or facilitate escape.[1] A suspect's modus operandi can assist in his identification, apprehension, or repression, and can also be used to determine links between crimes.[4]

Front 43

Extol: The court extols

Back 43

praise enthusiastically.
"he extolled the virtues of the Russian peoples"
synonyms: praise enthusiastically, go into raptures about/over, wax lyrical about, sing the praises of, praise to the skies,

Front 44

Unbridled discretion

Back 44

uncontrolled; unconstrained.
"a moment of unbridled ambition"

Front 45

Obviate

Back 45

remove (a need or difficulty).
"the Venetian blinds obviated the need for curtains"
The new medical treatment obviates the need for surgery

Front 46

Honoraria: Honoraria ban

Back 46

a payment given for professional services that are rendered nominally without charge.

Front 47

Apogee

Back 47

the highest point in the development of something; the climax or culmination.
"the White House is considered the apogee of American achievement"

Front 48

Conspicuous: Conspicuous Place

Back 48

standing out so as to be clearly visible.

Front 49

Buttress: Buttress the argument

Back 49

a projecting support of stone or brick built against a wall.
synonyms: prop, support, abutment, brace, shore, pier, reinforcement, stanchion More
a projecting portion of a hill or mountain.
a source of defense or support.
"there was a demand for a new stable order as a buttress against social collapse"
synonyms: safeguard, defense, protection, guard; More
verb
verb: buttress; 3rd person present: buttresses; past tense: buttressed; past participle: buttressed; gerund or present participle: buttressing
provide (a building or structure) with projecting supports built against its walls.
"a buttressed wall"
increase the strength of or justification for; reinforce.
"authority was buttressed by religious belief"

Front 50

Unpalatable: Unpalatable consequences

Back 50

not pleasant to taste.

Front 51

Forego: Forego the 1st A right

Back 51

omit or decline to take (something pleasant or valuable); go without.
"she wanted to forgo the dessert and leave while they could"