English Vocab Exam

Front 1

s the author's arrangement of incidents in a story.

Back 1

plot

Front 2

stories can also begin in the middle.

Back 2

in media res

Front 3

a device that informs us about the events that happened before the opening scene of a work. recounts how his identity.

Back 3

flashback

Front 4

an imagined person in the story, is confronted with a problem leading to a climatic struggle that is followed by a resolution of the problem.

Back 4

character

Front 5

:the background information the reader needs to make sense of the situation in which the characters are placed.

Back 5

exposition

Front 6

creates tension and interest in a story by adding doubt as to the outcome.

Back 6

conflict:

Front 7

:is a literary device by which an author hints what is to come.

Back 7

foreshadowing

Front 8

central character who engages our interest and empathy. who, in the face of danger and adversity or from a position of weakness, displays courage or self-sacrifice—that is, heroism—for some greater good

Back 8

protagonist or hero:

Front 9

female central character.

Back 9

heroine:

Front 10

:the force that opposes the protagonist.

Back 10

antagonist

Front 11

:is made anxious about what is going to happen.

Back 11

Suspense

Front 12

emotional tension.the highest or most intense point in the development or resolution of something; culmination:

Back 12

Climax

Front 13

the act or process of resolving or separating something into constituent or elementary parts.

Back 13

resolution

Front 14

french word meaning untying of the knot.

Back 14

denouement

Front 15

methods by which a writer creates people in a story so that they seem actually to exist.

Back 15

characterization

Front 16

characters shown in a dramatic situations reveal themselves indirectly by what they say or do.

Back 16

showing and telling

Front 17

characters can be convincing whether they are presented by telling or showing. there must be a reasons for how they behave and what they say.

Back 17

motivated:

Front 18

having an appearance of truth or reason; seemingly worthy of approval or acceptance; credible;believable:

Back 18

plausible

Front 19

constantly adhering to the same principles, course,form, etc.:

Back 19

consistent

Front 20

for instance in which charcacters are often alienated from themselves and their environment in an irrational world. The word “absurd” can mean a lack of purpose, and this is exactly the meaning taken in absurdist fiction. Absurdist fiction, a genre of literature made famous by Franz Kafka, Albert Camus, Kurt Vonnegut, and Paul Auster, focuses on experiences of characters, who, unable to find an intrinsic purpose in life, are represented through meaningless actions and events.

Back 20

absurdist literature:

Front 21

in a world there is no possible for traditional behavior,who has little to no control over events.a protagonist who lacks the attributes that make aheroic figure, as nobility of mind and spirit, a life orattitude marked by action or purpose, and the like.

Back 21

antihero:

Front 22

character that undergoes some kind of change because of the actions of the plot.

Back 22

dynamic:

Front 23

character because he does not change.

Back 23

static

Front 24

helps to reveal by contrast the distinctive qualities of another character.

Back 24

foil:

Front 25

embodies one or two qualities, ideas,or traits that cant e readily described in a brief summary. one dimensional. few and simple

Back 25

flat character

Front 26

:are types rather than individuals.they are loyal servant,the mean stepfather,dumb blonde.can become fresh if the good writer makes a vivid, interesting, or memorable but often a writer use of these stereotypes is simply weak characterization. not individuality because their authors have in a sense.

Back 26

stock character

Front 27

more depth and require more attention, surprise us or puzzle us.more fully developed. more difficult time to summarize because we are aware of competing ideas, values, and possibilities in their lives.

Back 27

round character:

Front 28

: is the context in which the action of a story occur. help establish the world in which the characters act. backgrounds and furnishers. help better understand the behavior of the characters.

Back 28

setting:

Front 29

refers to who tell us the story and how it is told.the position of the narrator in relation to the story, as indicated by the narrator's outlook from which the events are depicted and by the attitude toward the characters.

Back 29

point of view:

Front 30

teller of the story.

Back 30

narrator

Front 31

the can move from place to place and pass back an front through time, slipping in and out of characters a son human being possibly could in real life.

Back 31

omniscient narrator:

Front 32

:refers to an intrusion by the narrator in order to evaluate a character for as reader. arrative intrusion, also known as authorial intrusion, pulls the reader’s attention out of the main story and calls attention to the narrator himself or to something else within the story.

Back 32

editorial omniscience

Front 33

allows character actions and thoughts to speak for themselves.

Back 33

neutral omniscience:

Front 34

is much more confined than the omniscient narrator.the author very often restricts the narrator to the single perspective of either a major or a minor character.

Back 34

limited omniscient narrator:

Front 35

takes a reader inside a characters mind to reveal perceptions, thoughts, and feelings on a conscious level.

Back 35

stream of consciousness technique:

Front 36

employs a narrator who does not see into the mind of any character. This person reports action and dialogue without telling us directly what the characters feel or thinks.

Back 36

objective point of view:

Front 37

the I presents the point of view of only one characters consciousness.

Back 37

first person narrator:

Front 38

whose interpretation of events is different from the author's.

Back 38

Unreliable narrator:

Front 39

these narrator lack the sophistication to interpret accurately what they see; they are unreliable because the reader must go beyond their understanding of events to comprehend the situations described.

Back 39

naive narrator:

Front 40

is a person, object, or event that suggest more than its literal meaning.makes students slightly nervous because they tend to regard is as booby trap.

Back 40

symbol:

Front 41

symbols such as these that a re widely recognized by a society or culture.chrisitan cross

Back 41

conventional symbol:

Front 42

can include traditional,conventional, or public meanings but it may also be established internally by the tool context of the work in which it appears. home will be safety, comfort.

Back 42

literary symbol

Front 43

an abstract idea.character, object , or incident indicates a single,fixed meaning.no purpose mean salvation,definitive rather than suggestive,exist solely to to illustrate religious doctrine.

Back 43

allegory:

Front 44

:is a central idea or meaning of a story.it provides a unifying point around which the plot, characters, setting, pod, symbols,and other elements of a story are organized.

Back 44

theme

Front 45

refers to the distinctive manner in which a writer arranges words to achieve particular effects.that arrangement includes individual word choices and matters such as the length of sentences, their structures and tone, and the use of irony.

Back 45

style:

Front 46

refers to writer's choice of words. because different odds evoke different associations in a readers min, the writer's choice of words is crucial in controlling a reader's response.must be appropriate for the characters and the situations in which the author places them.

Back 46

diction:

Front 47

the authors implicit attitude toward places, and events in a story. when we speak____ is conveyed by our voice inflections, our winks of an eye, or some other gesture

Back 47

tone:

Front 48

a device that reveals a reality different form what appears to be true.

Back 48

irony:

Front 49

consists of a person saying one thing but meaning the opposite. you sure did well today but you crashed into a car.

Back 49

verbal irony

Front 50

verbal irony that is calculated to hurt someone by false praise. • I’m trying to imagine you with a personality.

* I work 40 hours a week to be this poor.
* Is it time for your medication or mine?

Back 50

sarcasm:

Front 51

:exist when there is an incongruity between what is expected to happen and what actually happens.sorrowful woman seems by traditional societal standard s to have all that turns out not to be enough to sustain their life,let alone her happiness. • A fire station burns down

• The marriage counselor files for divorce

• The police station gets robbed

Back 51

situational irony

Front 52

creates a discrepancy between what a character believes or says or what the reader understands to be true.Two people are engaged to be married but the audience knows that the man is planning to run away with another woman. In a scary movie, the character walks into a house and the audience knows the killer is in the house.

Back 52

dramatic irony

Front 53

a term used for lines whose subject matter is trite and whose rhythm and sounds are monotonously heavy handed.comic verse composed in irregular rhythm.

* verse or words that are badly written or expressed.

Back 53

doggerel:

Front 54

is a prose restatement of the central ideas of a poem in your own language.

Back 54

paraphrase:

Front 55

a term used for lines composed in measured rhythmical pattern, which are often, but not necessarily rhymed.

Back 55

verse:

Front 56

words made from the letters of other words, such as read and dare. to evoke feeling about death, • Debit card = Bad credit

• Dormitory = Dirty Room

• The earthquakes = The queer shakes

a word, phrase, or sentence formed from another byrearranging its letters: “Angel” is an anagram of “glean.”.

Back 56

anagrams:

Front 57

is a long narrative poem on a serious subject chronicling heroic deeds and important event.

Back 57

epic:

Front 58

a poem that tells a story.

Back 58

narrative poem:

Front 59

ideas or expressions that have become tired and trite from overuse, such as describing love as "a blessing from heaven above".they anesthetize readers instead of altering then to the possibility of fresh perceptions.

Back 59

cliches:

Front 60

predictable, congenital reactions to language, characters, symbols, or situations:god, heaven, the flag, motherhood, hearts, puppies, and peace are some often used objects of _____.

Back 60

stock responses:

Front 61

exploits the reader by inducing responses that exceed what the situation warrants.cons readers into falling for the mass murderer who is devoted to stray cats, and it requires that we not think twice about what were feeling because those tears shed little for the old lady, the rage aimed at the vicious enemy soldier, and the longing for the simple virtues.of poverty might disappear under the slightest scrutiny.

Back 61

sentimentality:

Front 62

the use of elevated language rather than ordinary language,was highly valued in english poetry, but since the 19th poets have generally overridden the distinctions that were once made between words used in everyday speech and those used in poetry. revolve around the concept of making words flow, rhyme, or otherwise sound poetic. Here, the sound and length of the word, and the sentence syntax, take precedence over exact meaning. Poems are not the only works that use poetic diction; any work intended to flow, such as Ray Bradbury's All Summer in a Day

Back 62

poetic diction:

Hint 62

Diction is important in poetry because the choice of words in a work can convey feeling, action, or attitude. Diction can be analyzed from both a character and writer's perspective.

Front 63

consists of a dignified , impersonal, and elevated use of language. notice " in the solitude of the sea, deep from human vanity,and the pride of life that planned her, stilly couches she.defines the highest class of literary vocablulary. Such writing tends to use punctuation immaculately, with sentences that are grammatically correct in every way. Works written in this style are very articulate. Some readers often argue that these works are grandiloquent, or "wordy" for no reason; however, formal word choice allows authors to say exactly what they mean, and express tone as intended. Then lack of spoken word intonation in written works means that simple words have simple meanings; to express more complex ideas, more complex words are required.

Back 63

formal diction:

Front 64

spoken by most educated people. less formal level of diction. it's diction that is neither formal nor informal. gradient between very formal literature, and casual writing. The author would obviously use proper grammar and spelling, but it is more relaxed than you would expect from an uptight piece of writing.

Back 64

middle diction:

Front 65

When talking to an elder you know or with coworkers. is the most commonly used type of diction because we use it every day when we speak, when we pass a note in class, or more commonly now, when we text one another. Using “like” as a conjunction is very common and most defiantly colloquial. A classic example is Mark Twain who is a master of a style that escapes from the printed page. You can hear the story playing out in your mind. Ex:

"We catched fish and talked, and we took a swim now and then to keep off sleepiness. It was kind of solemn, drifting down the big, still river, laying on our backs looking up at the stars, and we didn't ever feel like talking loud, and it warn't often that we laughed--only a little kind of a low chuckle. We had mighty good weather as a general thing, and nothing ever happened to us at all--that night, nor the next, nor the next."

Back 65

informal diction:

Front 66

in a conversational manner that in this instance includes slang expression not used by the culture at large. • a bunch of numpties – a group of idiots

* to bamboozle – to deceive
* go bananas – go insane or be very angry
* wanna – want to

Back 66

colloquially

Front 67

a category of language defined by a trade or profession. like sociologists, photographers, carpenters, baseball players, and dentists for example all use words that are specific to their fields. • BP - Medical shorthand for blood pressure

* FX - Medical jargon meaning bone fracture
* JT - A joint

Back 67

jargon:

Front 68

the literal, dictionary meanings of a word.bird emotes a feathered animal with wings

Back 68

denotations:

Front 69

associations and implications that go beyond a word's literal meanings. derive from how has been used and the associations people make with it. therefore the of a bored might include fragility, vulnerability, altitude, the sky, or freedom , depending on the context in which the word is used. • A dog connotes shamelessness or an ugly face.

* A dove implies peace or gentility.
* Home suggests family, comfort and security.

Back 69

connotations:

Front 70

a speaker created the poet.in the poem the ___ is a disembodied voice that makes the gunner story all the more powerful.

Back 70

persona:

Front 71

allows for two or more simultaneous interpretation of a why, a phrase, an action, or situation,all of which can be supported by the context of a work. For the examples above, the first sentence could mean that kids eat good food, or it could be interpreted as eating kids is nutritional. For the second, one could read it as buying eye drops off the shelf, while another sees it as an eye falling off a shelf. Finally, for the third one, it could be read that the boat Queen Mary is being cleaned, while another reading could be more comical as Queen Mary, a person, having her bottom scraped.

Back 71

ambiguity:

Front 72

the ordering of words into meaningful verbal patterns. a poet can manipulate the of a line to place to emphasis on a word.

Back 72

syntax:

Front 73

is the writer's attitude toward the subject, the mood created by all the elements in the poem.

Back 73

tone:

Front 74

a type of poem in which a character the speaker addresses a silent audience in such a way as to reveal unintentionally some aspect of his or her temperament or personality.

I used to smile

every time you came back home

I never knew

that to you

I was just being clueless

I thought I was your little brother

but I had to wonder

when I heard

the truth by uncle

that you are an in poster

there was no other

you had to go and pretend

how long have you known ?

No ! I won’t be fooled again

you should have told me yourself

but no it is the end

your little brother don’t exist

now stay I insist

you can say that I am cold

yet it was from me a life you stole

sorry mama I love you

but this betrayer has got to go

never mind that I’ll hit the road …

Back 74

dramatic monologue:

Front 75

is a brief cultural reference cultural to a person a place, a thing, an event, or an idea in history or literature.s a figure of speech that makes a reference to a place, person, or something that happened. This can be real or imaginary and may refer to anything, including paintings, opera, folk lore, mythical figures, or religious manuscripts. The reference can be direct or may be inferred, and can broaden the reader’s understanding. • “When she lost her job, she acted like a Scrooge, and refused to buy anything that wasn’t necessary.” Scrooge was an extremely stingy character from Charles Dickens’, A Christmas Carol.

Back 75

allusion:

Front 76

is language that addresses the senses.the most common images of poetry are visual,verbal pic of the poets.create images that appeal to our sense,

Back 76

image

Front 77

are broadly defined as a way of saying one thing in terms of something else.

Back 77

figures of speech

Front 78

makes an explicit comparison between two things bu using words such as like,as,than,appears, or seems.

* “cute as a kitten,” comparing the way someone looks to the way a kitten looks
* “as busy as a bee” comparing someone’s level of energy to a fast-flying bee
* "as snug as a bug in a rug" comparing someone who is very cozy to how comfortable a bug can be in a rug

Back 78

simile:

Front 79

like a simile makes a comparison between two unlike things, but does so implicitly without words such as like or as:mrs. cook coffee is a inch in the stomach.

* Broken heart - Your heart is not literally broken into pieces; you just feel hurt and sad.
* The light of my life - The person described by this metaphor isn't really providing physical light. He or she is just someone who brings happiness or joy.
* It's raining men - Men do not literally pour from the sky; there are simply an abundance of male suitors around at the time.

Back 79

metaphor:

Front 80

it does not explicitly identify the man with a mule.can slip by readers but they offer the alert reader the energy and resonance of carefully chosen, highly concentrated language.mules rep for being stubborn.

* Samuel brayed his refusal to leave the party peacefully. (Compares Samuel to a donkey)
* Angrily Sonia barked commands at her child. (Compares Sonia to a dog)
* Andy’s wife asked him to fetch their dinner. (Compares Andy to a dog)

Back 80

implied metaphor:

Front 81

that compares poetry to a game of catch.entire poem is organized around this comparison.A comparison between two unlike things that continues throughout a series of sentences in a paragraph or lines in a poem.

"I graduated from the University of Life. All right? I received a degree from the School of Hard Knocks. And our colors were black and blue, baby. I had office hours with the Dean of Bloody Noses. All right? I borrowed my class notes from Professor Knuckle Sandwich and his Teaching Assistant, Ms. Fat Lip Thon Nyun. That’s the kind of school I went to for real, okay?"

(Will Ferrell, Commencement Address at Harvard University, 2003)

Back 81

extended metaphor:

Front 82

more as a wife and mother than as an poet.A controlling metaphor is one that dominates or controls an entire literary piece. This literary device is frequently seen in poetry. It is similar to an extended metaphor, which extends over a large portion, but not all, of a literary piece.

Life is a rock. It is hard.

You are what you wear.

Life is a candle burning brightly...It ignites and then it gets blown out.

Back 82

controlling:metaphors:

Front 83

is a play on words that relies on a word having more than one meaning or sounding like another word. humorous use of a word or phrase so as to emphasize or suggest its different meanings or applications, or the use of words that are alike or nearly alike in sound but different in meaning; a play on words. the word or phrase used in this way.
* Santa’s helpers are known as subordinate Clauses.
* She had a photographic memory but never developed it.
* The two pianists had a good marriage. They always were in a chord.

Back 83

pun:

Front 84

is a figure of speech in which part of something is used to signify the whole.

-a neighbor is gossip

-a criminal is placed behind bars(in prison)

Back 84

synecdoche:

Front 85

in which something closely associated with a subject is substituted for it: she preferred the silver screen to reading"at precisely 10 o'clock the paper shufflers stopped for coffee.

Back 85

metonymy:

Front 86

the attribution of human characteristics to nonhuman things; tress screaming in the raging wind:mice conspire in the cupboard.

Back 86

personification:

Front 87

an address either to someone who is absent and therefore cannot hear the speaker or to something nonhuman that cannot comprehend. has intense emotion that is signaled by phrasing such as o life." thou still unravished bride of quietness.

Back 87

apostrophe

Front 88

figure of speech and adds emphasis without intending to be literally true;the teenage boy ate everything in the house.

a hundred years should go to praise

thine yes and not hy forehead graze

two hundred to adore each breast

but thirty 1,000 to the rest

Back 88

overstatement/hyperbole

Front 89

which says less than is intended.the grave s a fine and private place. is a figure of speech employed by writers or speakers to intentionally make a situation seem less important than it really is.
For example, you win 10 million dollars in a lottery. When you tell a news reporter “I am delighted”,
* An atomic blast is somewhat noisy.
* Hitler was not a nice person.
* It was windy in New Orleans during hurricane Katrina.

Back 89

understatement:

Front 90

condensed form of paradox in which two contradictory words are used together.sweet sorrow,silent scream.

“cruelkindness” or “to make haste slowly.”.

Back 90

paradox

Front 91

is something that reps something else.

Back 91

symbol

Front 92

something that is recognized by many people to rep certain ideas roses conventionally symbolize love and beauty. A conventional symbol is a symbol that has an understood or widely accepted interpretation. The heart, for example, is a conventional symbol of love. There are other conventional symbols that are easily recognizable. For example, we pledge allegiance to the flag, which is a physical, tangible representation of our country. Even as children we know that the flag isn't the country, but that it stands for our country. The pledge is a statement of loyalty to the country, and not a statement of loyalty to a piece of decorated fabric.

Back 92

conventional symbol:

Front 93

that goes beyond traditional , public meanings. the night cannot be reduced to or equated with darkness or death or grief, but evokes those associations and more. A contextual symbol can be a setting, character, action, object, name, or anything else in a work that maintains its literal significance while suggesting other meanings. Such symbols go beyond conventional symbols; they gain their symbolic meaning within the context of a specific story.

**For example, the white whale in Melville's "Moby Dick" takes on multiple symbolic meanings in the work, but these meanings do not automatically carry over into other stories about whales. The meanings suggested by Melville's whale are specific to that text; therefore, it becomes a contextual symbol.

Back 93

literary and contextual symbol:

Front 94

narration or description usually restricted to a single meaning because its events, actions, characters, setting and objects reps specific abstractions or ideas.hope pride names they have few qualities beyond their abstract meanings. • The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe by C.S. Lewis is a religious allegory with Aslan as Christ and Edmund as Judas.

* Faerie Queene by Edmund Spenser is a religious or moral allegory where characters represent virtues and vices.
* Pilgrim’s Progress by John Bunyan is a spiritual allegory about a spiritual journey.

Back 94

allegory:

Front 95

which is designated to teach an ethical, moral, or religious lesson.many stories poems and plays are concerned with values,but to convey a message.A form of verse, the aim of which is to instruct the mind and improve morals. It essentially lays out a body of detailed information for the reader with the aim of molding the reader into a certain ethical or religious frame of mind.

To get to Heaven And stay with Christ Follow this recipe And his face you will see Love Love your neighbor Love everyman Spread the love as much as you can

Back 95

didactic poetry

Front 96

made by god.

Back 96

cosmic irony:

Front 97

told a story that was sung from one generation to the next until it was finally transcribed.

Back 97

ballad:

Front 98

a more complex and sophisticated 19th century reflection of the original ballad traditions that develop.

The literary ballad is a narrative poem created by a poet in imitation of the old anonymous folk ballad. Usually the _______ is more elaborate and complex; the poet may retain only some of the devices and conventions of the older verse narrative.

Back 98

literary ballads

Front 99

the most direct way in which the sound of a word suggest its meaning.which is the use of a word that resembles sound it denotes: quack, buzz,rattle, bang, powwow burp, chop-choo.

Back 99

onomatopoeia:

Front 100

is the repeition of the same consonant sounds at the beginning of nearby words:descending dewdrops, luscious lemons.

Back 100

alliteration:

Front 101

repeition of the same vowel sound nearby words.asleep under a tree ? time and tide? haunt and awesome/each evening,

Back 101

assonance:

Front 102

is when the last syllables within a verse rhyme. This type ofrhyme is the most commonly used in English poetry. It is also often used in song lyrics, as we will see below.

Back 102

end rhyme:

Front 103

s a poetic device which can be defined as metrical lines in which its middle words and its end words rhymes with each other. It is also called middle rhyme, since it comes in the middle of lines. dividing and gliding and sliding.

* I went to town to buy a gown. / I took the car and it wasn’t far.
* Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary - Edgar Allen Poe (The Raven).
* I had a cat who wore a hat. / He looked cool but felt the fool

Back 103

Internal rhyme

Front 104

using words of more than one syllable.the same sound occurs in a final stressed syllable defend, contend,betray,away.

Back 104

masculine rhyme:

Front 105

consists of a rhymed stressed syllable followed by one or more unstressed syllables as butter,clutter,gratitude, attitude,quivering, shivering.

Back 105

feminine rhyme:

Front 106

:share the same stressed vowel as we'll as any sound that follow the vowel.

Back 106

exact rhyme