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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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a. What makes a good social reformer?
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-good at communication;easy to understand as well as inspiring to follow
-Persuasive -Must be selective of what you are going to say -Consistency; must live out their beliefs; not a hypocrite -Cause has to be one that is valid and has followers -Bravery; cannot be afraid to stand up/ take action -Dedication -History— are they successful? Can they have a goal and complete it? Are they hardworking, intelligent, inspiring? -How they are thought of by people; are they well-liked, someone who can be followed? |
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Thoreau Pros
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- Persuasivefirst sentence of Walden is technically a lie in order to make people feel one way
- Brave—known for his non-conformity; after all, he did leave society and go live by himself; quit his school job because didn’t want to flog—stands up for beliefs - Valid cause—anti-slavery - Consistent—says that life should be lived free and uncommitted he goes and lives in the forest, only works six weeks a year, did nothing with his education |
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Thoreau Cons
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- Not successful
- Did not live up to potential—Harvard with no impressive honors; did not use education well after out of school - Lived alone in a forest by himself - Burned woods - Went to jail - No dedication—said that you shouldn’t devote time to a changing society - Woods by himself—doesn’t like dealing with people/life issues |
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Emerson Pros
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- History is good—comes from a long line of ministers, went to Harvard, became a teacher, became a minister, very wealthy
- Persuasive speaker—travelled all over the U.S. lecturing, had supporters - Valid cause= Anti-Slavery - Brave, not afraid to go around lecturing, voicing ideas - Dedicated to his cause; spent many years lecturing |
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Emerson Cons
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- Not consistent—believes that it is foolish to be consistent; must say one thing one day and contradict it in the next
- Hypocritical—he says no reading, yet cites authors; says no property, yet has it; says no travelling, spends a year in Europe, etc. - Not good at communication—writing is very difficult to understand; ideas are very radical and he doesn’t convey them well enough; jumps from topic to topic; long, complex, not in order |
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Douglass Pros
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- Very persuasive—it is a first-hand account; chooses details to leave out and details to emphasize; very deliberate about shaping his life
- Communication—very compelling, easy to understand; clear that a good communicator because Garrison heard him speak and then hired him - Good history—uses his history very effectively; was a slave, witnessed horrible things, lived an awful life; freedom was bought by friends, began living his life to spread the message of how awful slavery is - Valid cause= anti-slavery and discrimination in general - Dedication—spent his whole life, after his freedom had been bought, writing narratives, giving tons of lectures - Consistent—lives out beliefs that discrimination is bad; life firmly dedicated to advocating for those discriminated against - Brave—takes his rough past life, speaks out about it, trying to illuminate to everyone the horribleness of slavery even though many, many people disagreed |
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Douglass Cons
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- Said truth didn’t matter—basically lying; would you vote for someone who lied? says he doesn’t care whether what he is saying is true or false which makes you wonder if you should believe anything he says
- Is he trustworthy? He tells the truth but he does not include certain facts to make us feel sympathy - Writes three different narratives; what can we believe? |
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Brown Pros
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- Communication: clearly got his point across; Harper’s Ferry was definitely a main cause of the Civil War, large part of ending slavery
- Clear that he is a persuasive, good speaker because he was able to get the Sacred Six to give him money - Valid Cause: anti-slavery - Very bold and brave—not afraid to voice his opinions and act on them, literally going out and attacking people based off of his opinions - Dedicated; ended up dying for this cause - Consistent—clearly lives his life based on the idea that slavery is bad - Liked a lot by Thoreau, Douglass, Du Bois; must mean something |
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Brown Cons
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- Too violent; alienated supporters—cant change society without followers
- Perceived as crazy—killed five people, basically coolly smashes their skulls, shows no pity/sympathy - Not good at planning—Raid: no food, didn’t notify slaves - Believed in fatalism—not typical mindset of social reformers—if it fail it fails and there is nothing he can do about it - Bad history: never went to college, never successful in business ventures, got in a lot of debt, moved around a lot |
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Ghandi Pros
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- Good history: went to a respectable law school in England, returned to Bombay, practiced law
- Dedicated, devotes whole life to cause, ends up dying for it - Persuasive, gets a bunch of Indians to boycott British goods, not use their court system, refuse to pay income tax - Communication—clearly a good, influential speaker because of the difficult acts that he gets his fellow Indians to do - Valid cause: equal rights for all Indians - Consistency: lives whole life based on his beliefs, trying to get equal rights, speaking about it |
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MLK Pros
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- Valid cause= equal treatment of blacks
- Consistency-lives life by his teachings, takes part in all of his boycotts, went to jail many times, beaten up many times; undergoing the same thing his supporters were going through - Dedicated—spends whole life fighting for cause, went to jail/beaten up many times over it; eventually killed for it - Persuasive; gets Blacks to have bus boycott for 382 days, organizes marches, sit-ins, etc. - Brave—not afraid to face violent whites and vicious racists; not afraid to go to jail; goes out and lives by his beliefs, doesn’t care about consequences - Good history- minister - Good communication: gets blacks to do many things, clearly influential, Nobel Prize in 1964 |
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Garrison Pros
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- Valid cause: anti-slavery
- Brave—not afraid to speak out, publish his ideas in print, go to jail for them - Dedicated—spends almost whole life making anti-slavery newspapers, recruiting anti-slavery speakers - Good communication—through newspapers clearly portrays his point, gets readers and supporters - Consistent—believes that slavery is bad, spends life writing about how bad it is |
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Garrison Cons
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- History not really either good/bad/ extraordinary: parents immigrants, father left him when young, apprenticeship as a child
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Emerson very brief self-reliance
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-no plot/characters/story
-confusing/boring/hard to read -sentences random and confusing, not in sequence/order -saying that we are scared to trust in ourselves/people judging us -imitation is suicide -teach yourself, grow, get older |
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how does E contradict himself and his self r?
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- begins with quotes
- gives lectures--people go to learn=NOT SELF-RELIANT - cites authors -says no charity, yet lives off of it at point in life -went to harvard--family tradition -teacher for a little bit -wealthy at times--relies on money -travels to Europe |
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Emerson style
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- LIST EXAMPLE
-wrote alot of journals, collected sentences, created essay -paragraphs incomprehinsible |
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Classic Style
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-order
-coherence -sequence |
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Modern Style
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-transmentation
- isolation of words and sentences |
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Transcendentalism
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-optimism, see no evil in the world
-man is good -intuition>reason -mind creates reality that we see -against past/books -believes mind is active and creative -regard reality with little unmediated experience with the familiar-->best way to learn is to go and experience world, look at it new and fresh |
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Emerson skeptical of...
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-social reform that required group participation
-language to convey truth -PECULIAR BECAUSE NEED A GROUP TO CHANGE (CANT DO IT ALONE) AND NEED LANGUAGE TO ENLIST GROUP TO A CAUSE |
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why does E celebrate children?
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-dont know manners/rules of society
-brutally honest -dont conform to society/care what other people think -tell you the absolute truth/eye isnt conquer -dont care about consequences |
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Society as a joint-stock company
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-suggesting that American is a business, everyone must share profits and debt
-American society as a business= no freedom; give up liberty to survive |
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HOW TO BE SELF-RELIANT...da list
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1. no imitation
2. no manners 3. no consistency 4. no future--live now 5. no reading 6. no charity 7. follow your OWN laws 8. trust yourself 9. dont travel 10. no property |
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E's Nature
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-Trans. celebration
- weird -nature has a power to cause humans to forget worries -humans impose meanings to nature's unorganization |
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Douglass Norton
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-born 1818
-father known, named Anthony - mother died 1825 - @ 8 moved to Baltimore with Aulds, Sophia taught him how to read -Lawson=black leader/ preacher/mentor |
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Douglass Himself
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- more accurate birthplace--Tuckahoe
-unknown age -mother died, didnt really know her, she wasnt really there -aunt whipped--very detailed -prop of ault, moved -Plummer savage monster |
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Douglass evoking sympathy
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- focuses on: moved 3 times, mom died, watches aunt be whipped
-victim, bad life, horrific events -slaves compared to horses -no mother, alone--no Lawson -manipulating us |
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D manipulation
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-says doesnt matter whether true/false
-fig. language to further case -changes story in narratives, deliberate about shaping life |
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Emerson and Douglass Relationship
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-slave-owners separate families--E says good, learn to be independent, rely on no one
-Douglass says trust no one, E says trust men and they will be good to you -Emerson says bad that douglass learned to read and write -Emerson says city slaves bad--get fed/clothed better, privldeges |
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W.M.L. Garrison
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- boston, MA
father abandons family immigrants apprenticed -Abolitionsit movement -sued for libel (JAILED!) -believes north should secede -believes constution pro-slavery |
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John Brown
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"religious warrior"
shocking massacre at harpers ferry seems crazy so much violence--E says good, D says bad |
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Fatalism
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belief of accepting whats going to happen, nothing you can do about it
-peculiar for brown---trying to change society or no?? |
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Emerson and Douglass Relationship
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-slave-owners separate families--E says good, learn to be independent, rely on no one
-Douglass says trust no one, E says trust men and they will be good to you -Emerson says bad that douglass learned to read and write -Emerson says city slaves bad--get fed/clothed better, privldeges |
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W.M.L. Garrison
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- boston, MA
father abandons family immigrants apprenticed -Abolitionsit movement -sued for libel (JAILED!) -believes north should secede -believes constution pro-slavery |
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John Brown
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"religious warrior"
shocking massacre at harpers ferry seems crazy so much violence--E says good, D says bad |
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The secret six
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-well-ed/ rich/powerful
-brown gathers their support= smart,good personality, can communicate |
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Fatalism
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belief of accepting whats going to happen, nothing you can do about it
-peculiar for brown---trying to change society or no?? |
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Thoreau
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like emerson--non traveler/conformist
perceived as lszy underachiever father pencil maker went to harvard freinds with E jail bc no poll tax Walden--lived in cabin in woods by himself -dies of tuberculosis |
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MLK
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-preacher, own church
-bus boycott--383 days 1955 -nobel prize -gets blacks registered voters -martyr--assasinated |
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Ghandi
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-well-educated
-boycotts in south africa -returns to india, fights for home rule, boycotts Br. products and such -assassinated |
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T sim to E how? essay-wise.
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-difficult, abstract, quotes, aphorism
-joints stock company -contradictions |
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R to self gov
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1. action divides
2. change takes too much time 3. minority-- irresistible-- peaceable Revolution 4. property--rich dread consequences of disobedience |
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Walden
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- suggests in wilderness but not
- argues that ppl just need food and shelter -simplifying life so doesnt have to work -people caught in consumer trap--ppl have jobs to make $ to pay ppl to do things -live free and uncommited- E - wealth not good |
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Joint Stock Company
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a company that is given money for the owners' personal use
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Sycophantic
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a self-seeker who attempts to win favor by flattering influential people
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Mendicant
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begging
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Gazetted
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published or announced in a gazette
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Alexandrian Stanza
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English verse composed in iambic hexameter, usually with a caesura after the third foot
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Metaphysics
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branch of philosophy that studies the nature of reality
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Expediency
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appropriateness to the purpose at hand
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