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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Proper noun |
Refer to names of people or places |
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Abstract noun |
States, feelings and concepts which do not have a physical existence |
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Concrete noun |
Objects that have a physical existence |
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Material verb |
Show actions or events (hit, jump, etc) |
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Stative verb |
Identify properties or states of being (be, appear, seem, become, etc) |
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Mental verbs |
Show internal processes (think, believe, wish) |
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Verbal verbs |
Show external processes of communicating through speech (say, shout, whisper, etc) |
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Base adjectives/adverbs |
The basic form of an adjective, or adverb, modifying another word (big, interesting, scary, etc) |
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Comparative adjectives/adverbs |
A form used to compare two instances, either adding the suffix 'er' or 'more' (bigger, more interesting, etc) |
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Superlative adjective/adverb |
Used to compare more than 2 instances, identifying a best example either by using '-est' or 'most' (biggest, most interesting) |
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Personal pronoun |
Refer to people (you, I, she) |
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Demonstrative pronoun |
Orientate the reviewer towards a person, object, or idea, either nearby, or further away (this, these, those, that) |
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Indefinite pronoun |
Refer to a person, object or idea that is non-specific (someone, anybody, anything) |
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Articles |
Show something is definite or indefinite (the = definite, a/an = indefinite) |
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Possessive pronoun |
Show ownership (my, you, her, our) |
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Quantifier |
Show either specific or non-specific quantities of a noun (specific = one, two non-specific = some) |
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Co-ordinating conjunctions |
Link words, or larger structures such as phrases and clauses together when they are equal (for, and, not, but, or, yet, so, FANBOYS) |
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Subordinating conjunctions |
Link clauses together to show one is dependant on the other (because, although, while, whereas) |
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Semantic field |
A group of words that fulfil the same kind of role in speech or writing, or are linked by theme, concept, or domain of use |
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Collocates |
Words that typically appear together |
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Binomial |
Words that typically appear together in the same order (eg fish and chips) |
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Fixed expression |
A well used group of words that become accepted and used as one line structure (an idiom; that cost an arm and a leg) |
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Synonym |
A word that has an equivalent meaning to another word |
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Euphemism |
A more socially acceptable word or phrase for something that is taboo |
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Dysphemism |
Using a blunt or direct word instead of a polite alternative |
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Antonyms |
Words that have opposite meanings |
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Metaphor |
A structure that presents one thing in terms of another |
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Noun phrase |
A group of words built around a noun |
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Verb phrase |
A group of words built around a verb |
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Head word |
The main noun in a phrase |
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Pre-modifier |
A word that goes before the head noun to add detail, or clarify some aspect |
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Post-modifier |
A word that comes after the head word to add detail |
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Modal auxillary verb |
Auxillary verb that joins with the main (should, will, might, must) |
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Active voice |
The agent of the action is the subject of the sentence (my brother ate the cake) |
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Passive voice |
Agent is omitted, the undergoer of the action becomes the subject (the cake was eaten) |
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Minor sentence |
Not grammatically complete |
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Simple sentence |
Contains only one clause |
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Compound sentence |
Two or more simple sentences linked with a co-ordinating conjunction (and, but, or) each clause makes sense on its own and has equal importance. |
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Complex sentence |
One main clause and one or more subordinate clauses, making it more informative. |
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Asyndetic listing |
Listing without conjunctions |
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Syndetic listing |
Listing with conjunctions |
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Parallelism |
When phrases or sentences have a similar pattern or structure, 'autoglass repair, autoglass replace'. Creates a sense of balance. |
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Ellipses |
The omission of part of a sentence that can be understood from the context. |
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Foregrounding |
A change in the structure of a sentence to place emphasis on the opening element. |
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Plosive |
b, p, t, d, k, g |
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Fricative |
F, v, s, z |
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Nasal |
M, n |
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Consonance |
A pattern of repeated consonant sounds |
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Assonance |
A pattern of repeated vowel sounds |
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Sibilance |
A pattern of repeated fricative sounds |
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Co-text |
Other words or phrases surrounding a word in a text |
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Person deixis |
Names and personal pronouns |
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Spatial deixis |
Adverbs of place such as 'here', 'there', demonstratives showing location such as 'this', 'that', oriental words such as 'left', 'right' |
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Temporal deixis |
Adverbs of time such as 'today', 'yesterday', 'tomorrow' |
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Adjacency pair |
A simple structure of two turns |
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Filler |
Non verbal sound that acts as a pause |
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Skip connector |
Word or phrase that returns the conversation to a previous topic |
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Anaphoric reference |
A word refers back to another word for its meaning |
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Cataphoric reference |
A word in a text refers to another later in the text, you need to look forward to understand |
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Aposiopesis |
A sentence is deliberately left unfinished, using a dash of ellipsis. |
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Vocative |
An expression of direct address where the identity of the party spoken to is set forth expressly |
