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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ambiguity
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the possibility of interpreting an expression in more than one way
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Paradox
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A statement that initially seems to be illogical or self-contradictory yet eventually proves to embody a complex truth. In the New Criticism, the term is extended to embrace any complexity of language that sustains multiple meanings and deviates from the norms of ordinary language use.
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Irony
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Recognition of the difference between real and apparent meaning.
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New criticism
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A reaction against the old criticism which saw art as self-expression or exalted the subjectivity of the reader or applied extrinsic criteria of morality and value to literature or gave credence to the professed intentions of the author or confused what a poem is with what a poem does, the New Criticism regards the work of art as an autonomous object, a self-contained universe of discourse. Whereas scientific language corresponds with an external referent, literary language is internally coherent, self-referential, and rich in irony, tension, paradox, and ambiguity. New Criticism maintains that a close reading of literary texts will reveal the multiple meanings and nuanced complexities of their verbal texture as well as the oppositions and tensions which are balanced in the organic unity of the text.
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Binary oppositions
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Binary oppositions are not facts or substances that have detectable positive qualities, but relational elements that are detectable only by virtue of their difference from other elements intrinsic to the system itself. Thus individual terms acquire meaning only by being cast in opposition to other terms within a system of arbitrary and conventional signs.
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Semiotics
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The science of signs, verbal and nonverbal. Semiotics holds that all linguistic and social phenomena are texts, and the object is to reveal the underlying codes and conventions that make them meaningful.
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Intentional fallacy
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The error of interpreting a work in terms of its author's intention in creating it. Unless intentions are realized and implied by the verbal structure itself, they are irrelevant and immaterial.
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Implied (ideal) reader
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The implied reader is the model reader; it is the role the actual reader is to assume in reading the text. The text of whatever it is you are reading educates the reader on how to read it. Not the same as actual reader.
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Repression
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Repression The basic defense mechanism by which painful or guilt-producing thoughts, feelings, or memories are excluded from conscious awareness. Freudian.
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Projection
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When someone is threatened by or afraid of their own impulses so they attribute these impulses to someone else. Freudian.
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Displacement
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When a person shifts his/her impulses from an unacceptable target to a more acceptable or less threatening target, ex. taking your anger out on your pillow rather than your teacher
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Sublimation
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Freudian, a way in which people can deal with socially unacceptable impulses, feelings, and ideas in socially acceptable ways.
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Intellectualization
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Freudian, defense mechanism in which a person adopts a distanced perspective or engages in abstract thinking to aviod confrontation of a matter that actually creates strong unpleasant feelings.
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Ego
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Freud, the ego is the part of personality that helps us deal with reality by mediating between the demands of the id, superego, and the environment. Reality component.
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Id
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The part of the human personality that is made up of all our inborn biological urges that seeks out immediate gratification , regardless of social values or consequences.
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Superego
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Acts as our moral guide and contains our conscience, strives for perfection
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Objective Correlative
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: something (as a situation or chain of events) that symbolizes or objectifies a particular emotion and that may be used in creative writing to evoke a desired emotional response in the reader
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Queer theory
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a field of critical theory that emerged in the early 1990s out of the fields of gay and lesbian studies and feminist studies. builds both upon feminist challenges to the idea that gender is part of the essential self and upon gay/lesbian studies' close examination of the socially constructed nature of sexual acts and identities.
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postcolonialism
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a body of literary writings that reacts to the discourse of colonization. Post-colonial literature often involves writings that deal with issues of de-colonization or the political and cultural independence of people formerly subjugated to colonial rule. It is also a literary critique to texts that carry racist or colonial undertones.
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Deconstruction
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Criticism which rigorously pursues the meaning of a text to the point of undoing the oppositions on which it is apparently founded, and to the point of showing that those foundations are irreducibly complex, unstable or, indeed, impossible.
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Feminism
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concerned with the politics of women's authorship and the representation of women's condition within literature.
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Isolation
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Separation of feelings from ideas and events, for example, describing a murder with graphic details with no emotional response.
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Interpretive Community
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reader-response criticism, states that a text does not have meaning outside of a set of cultural assumptions regarding both what the characters mean and how they should be interpreted.claims that we interpret texts because we are part of an interpretive community that gives us a particular way of reading a text. bb
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Post-feminism
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A label for a wide range of theories that take critical approaches to previous feminist discourses and includes challenges to the second wave's ideas, Other post-feminists say that feminism is no longer relevant to today's society
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Subjectivity
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a subject's perspective or opinion, particularly feelings, beliefs, and desires.
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Objectivity
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a truth that remains true everywhere, independently of human thought or feelings.
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Signified
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"the concept that the signifier is pointng to"
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signifier
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a word or image
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