English - Persuasive Techniques Vce

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Adjectives

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Describing word usually connected to a noun, add emphasis.

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Alliteration/Assonance

Back 2

(Al) repetition of initial consonants or (As) vowel sounds.

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Anecdote

Back 3

A short account or story of an entertaining incident. Usually makes the reader sympathetic and receptive to the point.

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Association

Back 4

Words that create meaning beyond the literal word. Suggests or influences the reader to respond in a certain way.

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Attacks/Praise

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The writer attacks or praises an opponent or idea. This shows the writers contention and places the reader in agreement with the writer.

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Bias

Back 6

One sidedness in presentation of view/opinion. Can subjectivly influence the reader by intentionally only presenting one side of the argument.

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Cliches

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Worn-out, over used expressions. Are familiar to the reader therefore can offer a shortcut to the meaning.

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Colourful words and descriptive language

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Words that are hightened, vivid, full of interest. Produce a picture and or an emotion which engages the reader by grabbing their attention. Ranges from vulgar/rude language to distinctive 'sayings'.

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Connotations of words

Back 9

Positive or negative implications from loaded phrases that evoke a feeling. Through careful choice of words different effects are gained and different responses.

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Appeals

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When the reader plays on peoples emotions such as fears, insecurities, hopes and things that are valued. This can manipulate the reader to take notice of an issue by triggering an emotional response.

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Emotive Language

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The deliberate use of strong emotive words to play on readers' feelings. This evokes a strong emotional response in order to coerce the audience to agree with the writer.

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Evidence/Expert research or testimony

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Information, facts or statements used to support the writers point of view. Adds weight and validity.

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Exaggeration/Hyperbole

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Overstatement, magnifying the importance. Exaggeration makes a point dramatic to reinforce it. It gains attention and can arouse strong or extreme emotional responses.

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Generalisation

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A general statement that states that the case being discussed is true for a majority of people. This can appeal to our general sense of what is true and seem legitimate, may pick on prejudices the reader harbors and seem convincing.

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Inclusive Language/Exclusive

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Includes the reader by assuming that we all agree or disagree. Engages the reader and may gain sympathy or persuade the reader to reject an idea or individual. Excludes and alienates the audience, makes them feel left out.

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Irony

Back 16

Implied or intended meaning is different, often the opposite from the literal meaning. A powerful technique that can be effective in humiliating the opponent, makes the point obviously.

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Loaded Language

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Words that are 'loaded' with associations. This is a shorthand way of belittling or discrediting someone by suggestng they are asociated with undesirable situations.

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Metaphor

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A comparison that describes one thing in terms of another. Can reinforce a point without mere repetition, can create intrest and engage reader.

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Pun

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A play on words to suggest a different meaning. Positions the reader to enjoy a hoke and grabs their attention.

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Reason and Logic

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The use of an argument developed step by step with reasoning and evidence to support each main point. Shows both viewpoints to help establish the strength of one side.

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Repetition

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Repeated words, phrases, sentence patterns, ideas. Gives emphasis and prominence to a point, makes the reader remember this point.

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Rhetorical Questions

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Questions that have the answer embedded in them, often using irony. Powerful device to manipulate the reader to agree because the answer is assumed obvious.

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Sensationalism

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Use of provocative language and images coupled with exaggeration to achieve an extreme emotion from readers, such as outrage.

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Simile

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Likening one thing to another to create a significant contrast.

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Humour

Back 25

Using amusing statements to win over the audience and/or attack them in a (slightly) less harsh manner.

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Sarcasm

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Use of deliberately opposite terminology to highlight the contempt the author has for the opposing views.

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Satire

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Use of generalisation, exaggeration and caricature to expose, criticise or ridicule.