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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Syntax
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Length
Types Patterns |
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Sentence Types
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Declarative
Imperative Interrogative Exclamatory |
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Phrase
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a word group that lacks a subject, a verb, or both
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clause
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a word group containing a subject, a verb, and any objects, complements, or modifiers
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independent clause
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contains a subject and a verb; expresses complete thoughts and can stand by itself
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dependent clause
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contains a subject and a verb but does not express a complete thought and cannot stand by itself; contains a subordinating conjunction, and traditionally uses a comma when preceding an independent clause
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Simple Sentence
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contains one independent clause
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Compound Sentence
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contains two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction and a comma, or a semicolon
Two Forms IC, conj IC IC; IC |
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Complex Sentences
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contains an independent clause and on or more dependent clauses
Two Forms IC DC DC, IC |
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Compound Complex Sentences
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contains two or more indpendent clauses and one or more dependent clauses
Six forms: IC DC, conj IC IC DC; IC DC, IC; IC DC, IC, conj IC IC; IC DC IC, conj IC DC |
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Appositive
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a noun or noun phrase that renames another noun right beside it; set off by commas
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Short Story
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an account of a single incident or experience that reflects upon human nature, human feelings, and the human condition. It usually takes place over a short period of time and involves only a few characters
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Setting
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the time and place of the action
Functions: 1. create mood or atmosphere 2. reveal character 3. Cause or influence action |
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Character
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people in a work of fiction AND the physical and psychological characteristics of those people
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Plot
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an arranged sequence of related events which lead somewhere
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Conflict
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Internal and External
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Point of View
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the vantage point from which the story is told - who is narrating the story
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First Person Point of View
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one of the characters actually tells the story using the pronoun "I"
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Third Person Point of View
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an outside narrator focuses on the thoughts and feelings of just one character in the story
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Omniscient Point of View
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an outside narrator focuses on the thoughts and feelings of many characters and knows all about them and their problems
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Theme
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the underlying meaning or message of a work of literature
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Allusion
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a reference to a statement, a person, a place or an event from history, literature, religion, mythology, politics, or popular culture
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Foreshadowing
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the use of clues to hint at important events that will occur later; used to build suspense and/or anxiety
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Symbolism
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a person, place, thing or event that stands for itself AND something beyond itself
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Mood
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the feeling or atmosphere of a literary work
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Tone
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the author's attitude toward a subject; revealed through choice of words and details
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Irony
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a contrast or discrepancy between expectation and reality, between what is said and what is really meant, between what is expected to happen and what actually does happen, or between what appears to be true and what really is true
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Situational Irony
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a contrast between expectation and reality
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Dramatic Irony
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the audience or reader knows something important that a character doesn't
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Verbal Irony
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a contrast between what a speaker says and what is
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Juxtaposition
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placing two contrasting things next to each other in order to emphasize their differences
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Lennie
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a large, lumbering, childlike migrant worker; mental disability; not dynamic; symbol of innocence
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George
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short-tempered; devoted friend; responsible for Lennie
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Candy
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old handyman, somewhat useless, likes the idea of having the freedom to take up or set aside work as he chooses
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Candy's dog
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a sign of foreshadow
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Curley
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Boss' son, picks a fight with Lennie
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Curely's Wife
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depicted as a trouble maker and distraction; dissatisfied with her life;
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Slim
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highly skilled mule driver; "prince" of the ranch; wise; understands George
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Crooks
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a sharp-witted, black stable-hand who takes his name from his crooked back;
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Themes of OMAM
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- the predatory nature of human existence
-fraternity and the idealized male friendship -the impossibility of the American Dream |
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OMAM Motifs
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-the corrupting Power of women
-loneliness and companionship -strength and weakness |
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Motif
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recurring structures, contrasts, or literary devices that can help to develop and inform the text's major themes
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Symbols of OMAM
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-George and Lennie's Farm
-Lennie's Puppy -Candy's Dog |
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Synecdoche
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using a part of something to stand for the entire thing
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Metonymy
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the use of a related item to stand for the thing being discussed
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verisimilitude
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the quality of appearing to be true or real
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simile
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a comparison between two unlike things using like or as.
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digression
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an interruption in the action, accomplished by telling stories unrelated to the main plot. this serves to provide background information, explain character motivation, establish interest, build suspense, and inform the reader of actions to come.
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Stream of Consciousness Writing
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free writing;
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dichotomy
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division into two; especially, the division of a class into two subclasses opposed to each other by contradiction, as the division of the term man into white and not white.
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Allie
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Holden's brother, died of leukemia, 2 years younger than Holden
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D.B.
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Holden's elder brother, a writer who HOlden feels has "sold out by moving to Hollywood"
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Holden
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the narrator and your guide through the novel
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Phoebe
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Holden's younger sister of 10, it is their relationship that makes HOlden appreciate life and realize that some people can be real
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Mr. Antolini
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English teacher at Elkton Hills, provider of wisdom
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Mr. Spencer
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History teacher at Pencey Prep
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Ackley
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Pimply, annoy student/roomate and Pencey
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Sally Hayes
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a girl with whom Holden had a date
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Sradlater
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Holden's roommate at Pencey
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Jane Gallagher
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old girl friend of Holden's
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Structure
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the ways in which writers arrange materials in accord with the general ideas an purposes of their works
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Exposition
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the laying out, the putting forth of the materials in the story
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complication
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the onset and evelopment of the major conflict
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crisis
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part of the action where the conflict reaches its greatest tension
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climax
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a consequence of the crisis; the story's high point and may take the shape of a decision, and action, an affirmation or denial, or a revelation
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resolution
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the completing of the story after the climax
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round characters/dynamic
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lifelike, memorable through individuality and unpredictability
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flat/static characters
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do not grow; no change
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diction
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the qualities of the writer's word choices
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formal diction
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elegant words
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neutral diction
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ordinary language
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informal diction
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slang
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rhetoric
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the art of effective and persuasive writing and the art of writing generally
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parallelism
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the repetition of the same grammatical form to balance expressions, conserve words, and build climaxes
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cosmic irony
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emphasizes the pessimistic and fatalistic side of life; the universe is indifferent to individuals, who are subject to blind chance, accident, uncontrollable emotions, perpetual misfortune, and misery
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