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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Invaders of Britian
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Angles, Saxons, Jutes
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The Old English Period
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500-1066
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Dane Law
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area controlled by the vikings
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Alfred the Great
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anglo-saxon king gained victory over danish army in 871
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Edward the confessor
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a french (normandy) king, last king before battle of hastings
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beowulf is what kind of poem?
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epic poem, because of the heroes
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storyline of beowulf
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a swedish man and kills grendel. grendel's mother is worse and beowulf kills her aswell. 50 years later he is king and a treasure is stolen while the dragon is asleep and he is determined to have revenge.
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characteristics of old english poetry
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alliteration and half-lines (some stress but no regular pattern)
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The Middle English Period
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1066-1500
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Battle of hastings
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1066, between Harold Godwinson and Duke William of Normandy. William the conqueror won.
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William the conqueror influence on literature and language
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William was from normandy, many french words in the English language.
Literature: french culture, women had a prominent place, women were interesting, sweet, innocent |
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Important poet Middle English period
What did he write + what was is about? |
Geoffrey Chaucher, canterbury tales, 29 pilgrims go to a grave, every person tells 4 tales, knight leads the group
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Famous ballad + story
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Sir Patrick Spense;
scottisch sailors travelled to Norway to celebrate wedding of Margeret and King Eric of Norway. Got into a fight about money and the scots left. |
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Characteristics of a ballad + common subjects
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simple poem meant to be sung (many people couldnt read nor write), mostly 4 line stanzas, language simple, lines commonly
subjects: -love stories -famous battles -robin hood (folk hero) -fairies and demons |
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The Renaissance
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1500-1660
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Meaning Renaissance and referring to (2 points)?
affect of renaissance in literature? |
Rebirth, renewed interest in ancient Greece and Rome + Changes in the way man looked upon himself and upon his place in the world around him
More self-awareness |
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collective - individual (Renaissance)
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Religion -> Reformation and Protestantism
Beginning capitalist system In art: self-awareness, art was not anonymous |
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theocentric - anthropocentric (Renaissance)
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man exploring world and live live to fullest (carpe diem)
carpe diem was a result of memento mori (remeber that you will die) |
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dogmatic belief - scientific investigation (Renaissance)
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desire for intellectual independance
views based on investigations not on authority (Church) Galilei: earth revolves round sun -> church lost its authority in matters of science |
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Queen Elizabeth 1 when?
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Renaissance, called the virgin queen but was not a virgin
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courtly love and who began spreading this poetry?
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takes place at court, rich people that adored women a lot and the humble lover pictured him as a servant
French troubadours |
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Petrarch
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Italian poets taken over courtly love poetry
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characteristics of a petrarch sonnent
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14 lines
iambic pentameter, 10 syllables 1 octave - problem 1 sestet - solution |
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courtly love poets and what did they do?
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Sir Thomas Wyatt and Henry Howard
translated petrarch sonnets |
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when did petrarchan love end and why
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end of 16th century, this poetry was limited and not orginal
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Cavalier poets + name one
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a group associated with court of chales 1
parodied/attacked love poetry sir john suckling |
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An anti-spensensarian and his type of writing?
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John Donne, impatient of the old conception of love
metaphysical poet: using long, difficult methaphors intellectual and abstract (reader has to make an effort) |
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Who introduced the sonnet to England?
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Edmund Spenser
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Names for neoclassical period + reason
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Neoclassical period: age of classism, strong influence ancient greece and rome, classics presented high ideal in life, art, literature
Augustan age: refers to roman emperor augustus, he had reigned with great prosperirty, man wanted to be related age of reason: reason -> intellectual, searching for explanations in science |
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The Neoclassical Period
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1660-1800
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Upper class
Classicism Educated Scientific High ideals Science + culture Reading = pleasure Satire |
Middle class
Puritanism Poorly-educated Practical Down-to-earth Trade + money Reading = religion Realism |
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Middle class literature (neo-classical period)
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they wanted works people could recognize with, clear moral, more for religious work
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What did middle class (neo-classical period) think of fiction books?
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Wicked and sinful, like lying
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Robinson Crusoe (writer + storyline + which class + symbol + how is it written)
How do you recognize it? |
Daniel Defoe, middle class
Story: lost on a uninhabitated island, told as if it were true (autobiographical) Symbol: modern imperialism, pratical, economical, capitalist, living happy far away from corruptions of society Daniel Defoe is like a journalist; gives facts as fully as possible without the psychological aspects Written in first person + dates! |
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Jane Austen (type of writing + why it fits in neoclassical period + name 4 books + bio)
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Irony, sense of ridiculous,
writes rationally and not emotional -> neo-classical Pride and Predjudice, Emma, Mansfield Park, Sense and Sensibility first feminist |
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Pride and Predjudice (Jane Austen) period(because)? storyline?
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Wrote in Neo-classical period, rather rational than emotional
the bennets: 5 daugthers elizabeth (smartest, 2nd oldest) and Mr. Darcy Jane (prettiest, oldest) and Mr. Bingley |
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The Romantic Period
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1800-1830
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Industrial Revolution result
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England became an industrial nation, farm workers force to work in factories
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French Revolution when and ideals?
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1789, ideals of freedom and equality
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When is the Romantic traditionally started? why?
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In 1798, William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor published Lyrical Ballads, poetry of simplicity guided by imagination
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Characteristics Romantic poetry (6 points)
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1. Nature poetry; life-giving source, active + positive influence on human mind
2. country people; live in nature so close to god 3. old country ballads; art ballads, because dissapointment in present 4. supernatural element (vampires ect.) 5. children; innocent, close to god 6. exotic cultures; escape in place |
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greatest nature poet and which period and his belief
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william wordsworth
romantic period belief: man is part of nature and should live in harmony with world and nature |
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Samuel Taylor Coleridge (bio) and which period and what did he write (storyline and which movie relates?)
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romantic period
writes about supernatural making it accept as real, took drugs to be closer to god ancient mariner: a man kills an albatros has a spell meaning he carries the dead animal around his neck -> movie from pirates or carribean |
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Original inhabitants of Britian
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the Celts
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The Victorian Age and why
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1830-1900, victoria was queen
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What was the Victorian age + quote
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A period of expansion and growth
The sun never sets in the British Empire |
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Industrial Revolution result
(which period) |
Victorian age
new inventions |
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Social Reform Bills (+why was this introduced and when?)
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Victorian age
effect on social structure that the gap widened between rich and poor, close the gap Less child labour reduction of working hours basic education right to vote |
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The Brontë Sisters and what did they write and which period
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Victorian age
Charlotte : Jane Eyre Emily : Wuthering Heights |
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Findings om modern science (Charles Darwin)
Supporters + Opponents (Victorian age) |
Support: popular idea of progress
Opponent: Question on foundation of religion Angel or Ape dispute -> causes doubt and anxiety |
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Why is the 19th century called the age of novel?
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Audiences were large due to improved education, cheap instalment system (buy a chapter each week/month), more people could read, public libraries
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Victorian crisis in literature
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struggle between faith and doubt
struggly between hope and disillusion people doubt religion |
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Jane Eyre (storyline + period+ characteristic!+ what for motive)
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victorian age
Jane + mr. Rochester (tall, dark, handsome, secretive troubled) written in first person cinderella motive: middle class girl falls in love with upper class man (class difference: problem) |
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Wuthering Heights (characters + period)
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victorian age
Cathy and Heathcliff |
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Charles Dickens (which period + first great succes + books he has written+last book he has written + inspiration)
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victorian age
the pickwick papers (instalments) a christmas carol oliver twist great expectations the mystery of edwin drood, not finished because he died Warren's Blacking factory, to work for family |
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First World War when?
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1914 till 1918 11.11 at 11'oclock
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shell schock result officers and soldiers
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officers could not sleep
soldiers could not talk and were forced to do so by electric wires in their mouth |
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how did some soldiers express their emotions?
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through poetry
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Rupert Brooke, which time, why critized, what did he write?
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first world war
he did not write about dark side of war patriotism, optimism felt in England He died before the horrors The soldier (petrarch sonnet) |
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English sonnet, characteristics
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3 quatrains
1 couplet iambic pentameter |
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red poppy symbol + the colour red
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symbol of war, the red represents the blood
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Craiglockhart War Hospital
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Siegrief Sassoon and Wilfred Owen. Sassoon (more literary experience) stimulated Owen to write poetry
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Siegfried Sassoon bio + poetry (tone)
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earned the military cross, fought in the war but was sent back because of a bullet. Makes a statement that the war is deliberately prolonged by those who have power over it. Declared to have shell shock (making him innocent) and goes to hospital.
Tone: no romantic patriotism, harsh realism |
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Wilfred Owen bio
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served the war but was sent to hospital. influence of sassoon made him write poetry.
Wrote anthem for doomed youth: pity of war |
