English Language - Techniques

Front 1

Concrete Noun

Back 1

Things you can sense (touch, smell, see...)

Front 2

Abstract Noun

Back 2

Things you can't sense (such as an idea, concept or belief)

Front 3

Predicative Adjective

Back 3

Comes after a noun (ex: these people are nice)

Front 4

Attributive Adjective

Back 4

Comes before a noun (ex: nice people)

Front 5

Modal Auxillary Verb

Back 5

They are used to express possibility, probability, obligation, certainty and obligation. (Will, would, can, could, shall, should, may, might, must)

Front 6

Auxillary Verb

Back 6

Helps the tense

Front 7

Dynamic Verb

Back 7

Shows action, progression

Front 8

Stative Verb

Back 8

Shows state of being

Front 9

Common Noun

Back 9

Common things (ex: table, chair)

Front 10

Idiom

Back 10

Metaphorical or non-literal sayings common in their cultural context.

Front 11

Idiolect

Back 11

An individual's way of speaking

Front 12

Dialect

Back 12

An region or area's way of speaking

Front 13

Figurative Language

Back 13

Creates an image (metaphor, simile...)

Front 14

Fillers

Back 14

Verbal or non-verbal. (ex: "mmm", "like", "yeah")

Front 15

Paralinguistic Features

Back 15

Laughing, sighing...

Front 16

Syntax

Back 16

Sentence structure and meaning

Front 17

Homonym

Back 17

A word that looks like another word.

Front 18

Overt Prestige

Back 18

A form of status valued and shared by mainstream society and culture.

Front 19

Covert Prestige

Back 19

A form of status shared by minority groups in society, usually with alternative or opposing values to mainstream society.

Front 20

Face

Back 20

A role that a person projects in a conversation.

Front 21

Subordinate Clause

Back 21

A clause that is dependant on another to complete the full meaning of a sentence. It can't stand alone.

Front 22

Coordinate Clause

Back 22

A clause that is also a main clause, in a sentence containing more than one main clause.

Front 23

Complex Sentence

Back 23

A sentence containing a main clause with one or more subordinate clauses, often connected with a subordinating conjunction.

Front 24

Compound Sentence

Back 24

A sentence containing two or more main clauses, connected by coordinating conjunctions, or sometimes just separated by punctuation (semi-colon).

Front 25

Deictic reference

Back 25

A reference to something not in the text: a word that changes meaning according to context (this, that, there, here...)

Front 26

Discourse Marker

Back 26

A word or phrase that indicates a change in topic or a return to a previous topic.

Front 27

Accommodation Theory

Back 27

The process of adapting one's speech to make it more or less similar to that of other participants in a conversation.

Front 28

Upward

Back 28

When applied to convergence/divergence, movement towards Standard English.

Front 29

Downward

Back 29

When applied to convergence/divergence, movement away from Standard English.

Front 30

Convergence

Back 30

When a person's speech patterns become more like those of the other person in a conversation.

Front 31

Divergence

Back 31

When a person's speech patterns become more individualised and less like those of the other person in a conversation.

Front 32

Coordinating conjunction

Back 32

A conjunction that connects main clauses together to form a compound sentence.

Front 33

Subordinating conjunction

Back 33

A conjunction that connects a subordinate clause to a main clause.

Front 34

Passive voice

Back 34

A name given to grammatical constructions which relate to the roles of subject and object in a clause. In a passive sentence, the subject of the clause has the action of the verb carried out upon it (e.g. the bone was chewed by the dog).

Front 35

Active voice

Back 35

A name given to grammatical constructions which relate to the roles of subject and object in a clause. In an active sentence, the subject acts as the agent of the verb (e.g. the dog chewed the bone).

Front 36

Adverb

Back 36

A word that modifies a verb, or an adjective, or a whole clause.

Front 37

Adverbial

Back 37

A word or phrase acting like an adverb.

Front 38

Collective noun

Back 38

The name for a number of things as one unit.

Front 39

Free morpheme

Back 39

A morpheme that can stand independently and act as a meaningful unit on its own.

Front 40

Bound morpheme

Back 40

A morpheme that can only have meaning when attached to a free morpheme.

Front 41

Stative verb

Back 41

A verb that describes a state of affairs rather than an action.