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240 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1) informative / explanatory writing |
text written to explain or convey information about a specific topic |
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2) formatting on informative/ explanatory texts |
headings, graphics (charts and tables ), multimedia |
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3) narrative writing |
text written to develop a real or imagined experience or event
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4) dialogue |
using the speech of characters as a narrative technique in order to develop experiences ,events , and/or characters |
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5) pacing |
using the flow of the story as a narrative technique in order to develop experiences, events, and/or vocabulary, imagery, ect. |
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6) description |
using descriptive writing as a writing technique; this can include the use of figurative language ,vivid vocabulary , imagery, ect. |
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7) persuasive writing |
text written for the purpose of expressing an opinion and trying to convince the reader that this opinion is correct by using emotional appeals and propaganda |
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8) argumentative writing |
text written for the purpose of expressing position and / or proving a claim by using logical appeals , facts , evidence, warrants, backing, and rebuttals |
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9) opposing claim |
the counter argument to a claim that's should be acknowledged and refuted in a piece of argumentative writing |
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10) friendly letter |
a letter to a friend or relative that can use conversational english |
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11) business letter |
a profession letter that must use standard English and includes specific parts such as the heading , inside address, salutation, body and closing |
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12) domains of writing |
areas writing is judged or assessed including focus , development, organization,voice and language/conventions |
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13) organization |
one of the domains of writing that includes : beginning, middle , and end , paragraphs, transitions , flow of ideas , ect. |
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14) transitions |
words, phrases, or clauses used to convey sequence or signal shifts from one time frame to another orfrom one setting to another |
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24) redundancy |
when writing sounds repetitive or overused |
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25) chronological order |
the arrangement of events by their order of occurrence; this type of organization is usuallyused in fictional narratives, historical writing, biographies, and autobiographies |
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26) supporting detail |
a fact, example, or piece of evidence that backs up your main idea |
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27) prewrite |
a stage in the writing process that involves planning out writing by brainstorming ideas and using a graphic organizer |
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28) rough draft |
a stage in the writing process that involves writing a first draft |
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29) revise |
a stage in the writing process that involves reworking a written draft to improve the CONTENT: taking out irrelevant information; adding supporting details; combining and reordering words, sentences, or paragraphs; and improving word choice |
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30) edit |
a stage in the writing process that involves proofreading and checking a written draft for CONVENTIONS: spelling, grammar, punctuation, and capitalization |
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31) publish |
a stage in the writing process that involves making a neat, mistake-free final copy |
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32) parts of speech |
noun, verb, pronoun, adjective, adverb, conjunction, preposition, interjection |
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33) noun |
a person, place, thing, or idea |
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15) development |
one of the domains of writing that includes supporting your main idea with details and/or evidence |
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34) common noun |
a general noun (girl, school, car) |
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35) proper noun |
a specific noun that must be capitalized (Sarah, Lakeside, Honda) |
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36) problem |
a specific noun that must be capitalized (Sarah, Lakeside, Honda) |
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37) action verb |
a verb that shows action |
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38) linking verb |
a verb that links the subject to a subject complement |
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39) subject and verb agreement |
subject and verb agree in number (singular-singular ; plural-plural) |
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40) pronoun |
a word used in place of a noun; examples: she, it, they |
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41) antecedent |
a word that proceeds or comes before something else so that we have an understanding of the word; usually the word antecedent refers to a noun (John) that proceeds a pronoun (he) so that we know who “he” is |
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42) subject pronouns |
pronouns used in place of a subject or a subject complement (I, he, she, it, we you, they) |
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16) voice |
one of the domains of writing that includes: sentence variety (simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex), figurative language, saying precisely what you mean, etc. |
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17) conventions |
one of the four domains of writing that includes: spelling, grammar, capitalization, punctuation |
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18) introduction |
a paragraph that introduces a piece of writing by hooking the reader’s attention and introduces ideas |
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19) conclusion |
a paragraph that concludes a piece of writing by either reflecting on a narrative or supportinginformation or an explanation that was presented |
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20) claim |
in an argument, a claim is the writer’s position on an issue or problem |
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21) thesis statement |
lengthy sentence that is the controlling idea or main proposition that a writer attempts tosupport in a piece of writing; the thesis statements includes the writer’s claim and the reasons supporting the claim |
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22) evidence based term |
term used to introduce a piece of evidence such as “for example,” “the author states,” or“based on the research” |
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23) in text citation |
used with a direct quotation and includes parenthesis, the author’s last name, and the page or linenumber the information was found on |
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43) object pronouns |
pronouns used in place of a direct object, an indirect object, or the object of a prepositionalphrase (me, you, him, her, it, us, them) |
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44) adjective |
a word used to modify or describe a noun or pronoun; examples: beautiful, tall, intelligent |
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45) coordinate adjectives |
lists of adjectives used to describe one noun or pronoun; these adjectives should be dividedwith commas (ex. It was a fascinating, enjoyable movie.) |
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46) article |
the three adjectives: a, an, the |
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47) definite article |
the |
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46) article |
the three adjectives: a, an, the |
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47) definite article |
the |
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48) indefinite articles |
a, an |
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46) article |
the three adjectives: a, an, the |
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47) definite article |
the |
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48) indefinite articles |
a, an |
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49) three degrees of adjectives |
positive, comparative, superlative |
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46) article |
the three adjectives: a, an, the |
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56) preposition |
a word used to show position or relationship; examples: in, on, under, beside |
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57) sentence |
a group of words that has a subject and its predicate, and makes a complete thought |
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58) fragment |
an incomplete thought |
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59) subject |
the noun or subject pronoun that the sentence is about |
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60) predicate |
the simple predicate is the verb |
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61) direct object |
the noun or object pronoun the receives the action of the action verb |
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62) indirect object |
the noun or object pronoun between the action verb and the direct object that is directly affected by the action |
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63) subject complement 6 |
the noun, subject pronoun, or adjective, that is linked to the subject by a linking verb, and that tells more about the subject |
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64) predicate nominative |
a subject complement that is a noun or subject pronoun |
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65) predicate adjective 66)phre |
a subject complement that is an adjective |
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47) definite article |
the |
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66) phrase |
a group of words that does not have a subject or a predicate |
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67) prepositional phrase |
a phrase beginning with a preposition, used as a modifier |
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68) appositive |
an interrupting definition |
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69) verbal |
a verb form used as a noun, adjective, or adverb |
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70) three kinds of verbals |
gerunds , participles, and infinitives |
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71) gerund |
an —ing verb form used as a noun |
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72) participle |
a verb form of various endings used as an adjective |
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73) two errors with participles74) |
misplaced modifiers and dangling modifiers |
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74) misplaced modifier |
when the noun being modified is in the wrong place of the sentence |
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75) dangling modifier |
when the noun being modified isn't in the sentence at all |
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48) indefinite articles |
a, an |
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76) infinitive |
The to- form of the verb, used as a noun or modifier |
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77) split infinitive |
the error made when the word is placed between " to " and The verb form in an infinitive phrase |
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78) clause |
Group of words that has a subject and it's predicate |
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79) dependent clause |
A clause that cannot stand alone and needs to be connected to an independent clause; also called a subordinate clause |
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80) independent clause |
A part of a sentence that can stand alone because it has a subject, a verb, and makes complete thought |
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81) The four sentence structures |
simple, compound ,complex, and compound-complex |
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82) simple sentence |
A sentence that has only one clause |
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83) compound sentences |
two or more simple sentences joined together by either a comma or a coordinating conjunction( FANBOYS ) OR a semicolon |
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49) three degrees of adjectives |
positive, comparative, superlative |
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50) adverb |
a word used to modify a verb and adjective or another adverb |
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51) conjunction |
a word used to connect words or phrases; examples: FANBOYS (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so) |
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52) coordinating conjunctions |
for, and nor, but, or, yet, so; used in compound sentences |
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53) subordinating conjunctions |
if, as, since, when, because...; used in complex sentences |
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54) correlative conjunctions |
either or, neither nor, both and, not only but also |
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55) interjection |
a word used to show emotion but that has no grammatical function; examples: Wow, Hey, Ouch |
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84) complex sentence |
A sentence that contains one main clause in one or more subordinate clause |
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85) compound complex sentences |
A sentence that has at least two independent clauses and one dependent clause |
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86) The four sentence purposes |
declarative, imperative,interrogative ,and exclamatory |
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87) imperative sentence |
it is imperious , or gives a command; example: " get out the notebooks" |
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88) interrogative sentence |
interrogates or asks a question; example: " what do you want for dinner?" |
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89) declarative sentence |
makes a statement; example: "my dog is a Labrador." |
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90) exclamatory sentence |
makes a statement that shows urgency or strong emotion;; example; " I can't wait until Friday!" |
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91): colon |
used to introduce a list |
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92) ; semicolon |
used to connect two independent clauses in a compound sentence |
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93) , comma |
used to separate inductor he phrases or clauses, to separate coordinate adjectives, and in dates, addresses and quotations |
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93) , comma |
used to separate inductor he phrases or clauses, to separate coordinate adjectives, and in dates, addresses and quotations |
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94) .period |
used in a sentence or after an abbreviation |
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95) ...ellipses |
used to show a dramatic pause or to build suspense in speech |
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96) () parenthesis |
used around information that you wish to include that does not fit into the flow of the sentence or around and in text citation |
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97) " " quotation marks |
used to surround a direct quotation |
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93) , comma |
used to separate inductor he phrases or clauses, to separate coordinate adjectives, and in dates, addresses and quotations |
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94) .period |
used in a sentence or after an abbreviation |
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95) ...ellipses |
used to show a dramatic pause or to build suspense in speech |
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96) () parenthesis |
used around information that you wish to include that does not fit into the flow of the sentence or around and in text citation |
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97) " " quotation marks |
used to surround a direct quotation |
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98) ? question mark |
use at the end of an interrogative sentence (question) |
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99) ! exclamation mark |
use at the end of an explanatory sentence to show strong emotion or at the end of an imperative sentence ( command ) |
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100) ' apostrophe |
used to show possession |
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101) Word choice |
the effective use of words to enhance dial, tone,or clarity in writing or speaking10102) |
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102) most logical place to add |
add in the sentence where it makes sense |
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103) shift focus |
moves off |
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104) irrelevant detail |
details that move off topic or is not related to the central idea |
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105) better/ best word choice |
choose a word that is more descriptive ( use thesaurus ) |
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106) introduce107) |
to begin |
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116) interrupts the logical progression of ideas |
not in order; changes or disrupts the flow of ideas |
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117) most vivid word choice |
use a more descriptive word |
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118) compose |
to write |
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119) compare |
explain the similarities between two things |
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120) contrast |
explain the differences between two things |
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121) justify |
give reasons to support your answer or opinion |
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122) elaborate |
give more details and evidence |
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123) generate |
come up with ideas |
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124) define |
give the definition |
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125) repetitive |
uses words, phrases ,or ideas over and over again; repeats itself |
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107) Best way to combine sentences |
to put two simple sentences together, using either a comma and a conjunction ( FANBOYS ) or a semi- colon, or by inserting a word or phrase from one sentence into the other |
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126) topic sentence |
main idea of each paragraph |
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127) moved to follow |
take a sentence and put it after another one |
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128) grammatical |
related to grammar( spelling, punctuation, capitalization ,subject- verb agreement, etc.) |
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129) draw a conclusion |
you, as a reader, take two pieces of information stated in the text to figure out something that is not stated |
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130) make an inference |
you, as a reader, use background knowledge and text clues to make assumption about the text |
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131) objective summary |
A summary that reports on the original writer intended without opinions, bias, emotion,or unnecessary detail |
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132) main idea |
The most important piece of information about a topic that a writer conveys |
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133) passage |
A portion of a larger text |
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134) authors purpose135) |
The reason that author wrote his or her text such as persuade/argue ,inform /explain, or entertain/ narrate ( PIE ) |
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135) authors perspective |
and authors opinion of what he or she has written that is shown through his or her tone ,word choice, information included and information excluded |
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108 ) more precise way of phrasing |
A more exact way of putting into words |
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136) authors bias |
it authors personal opinion or prejudice for the side of an issue that he or she favors |
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109) composition |
a piece of writing |
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110) conclude |
to end |
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111) conclusion |
the ending; the last paragraph of an essay |
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112) transitional device |
a way to change to another focus ( transition words ) |
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113) relevant detail |
a detail that is related to the central idea |
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114) sustain focus |
writing that stays on topic |
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115) logical progression of ideas |
ideas are in order |
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137) authors craft |
The specific techniques that an author uses such as figurative language, tone, flashback, imagery ,irony ,word choice ,and dialogue |
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147) tone |
The writers or speakers attitude toward the subject character audience is shown through the choice of words and details |
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148) opinion |
I thought that is not backed up by concrete evidence or proof |
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149) fact |
A statement of truth that can be backed up by evidence or proof |
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150) Direct quotation |
A statement that uses the exact words from a source Inclosed in quotation marks |
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138) audience 139) |
The specific person or group for whom a piece of writing is intended |
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139) point of view |
the perspective from which a literary work is told |
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140) first person |
a story told by a character using the pronouns " I " and " we " |
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141) second person |
use mostly in expository (information on how to) texts; the narrator Address is the reader directly often using the implied subject" you " |
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142) third person limited |
A story told by a third person narrator who has a limited knowledge |
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143) third person omniscient |
A story told by a third person narrator who is all knowing when it comes to the thoughts and feelings of the characters |
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144) propaganda |
A form of communication that might use false or misleading information |
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145) logical reason |
A supporting detail that make sense |
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146) advertisement |
A public notice that is created for the purpose of selling a product |
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151) indirect quotation |
A statement that rewords (paraphrases) the original ideas from a source and is not Inclosed quotation marks |
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152) text structure |
The way to Text is put together such as cause-and-effect , chronological order, compare and contrast ,ect. |
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153) textual evidence |
A specific piece of information that supports the claim; evidence can take the form of a fact, a quotation, an example of a statistic, an expert opinion or personal experience |
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163) static character |
A character who stays the same throughout the story |
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164) dynamic character |
A character who changes throughout the story |
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165) theme |
A stories moral or life lesson |
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166) plot |
The sequence of events or actions that presents and resolves The conflict in a literary work including the rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution |
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167) setting |
The time,place ,and weather conditions in which the action in a literary work takes place |
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168) allusion |
A reference to a famous person,place , event, or work of literature; allusions can be literary( from literature ), biblical( from the bible ), or mythological ( from a myth ) |
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169) refrain |
a passage repeated at intervals usually in a poem or song |
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170) stanza |
A group of lines forming in a unit in a poem or song |
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171) rhyme |
when words share the same ending vowel sound and consonant sound |
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172) rhyme scheme |
The pattern of rhyme in the lines of a poem |
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154) text features |
elements of a text that help organize and call attention to important information such as titles headings, subheadings, sidebars, boldface type, footnotes, and graphic aids |
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173) couplet |
stanza of poetry containing only two lines |
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174) rhythm |
The beat created by the meter, rhyme ,alliteration, and or refrain in a poem |
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175) meter |
A pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in a poem that are arranged in a repeating pattern to create rhyme |
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176) free verse poetry |
poetry that does not have meter or rhyme |
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177) sonnet |
A poem that has a formal structure containing 14 lines in a specific rhyme scheme and meter |
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178) narrative poem |
A poem that tells a story |
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179) works cited |
a formal listing, alphabetized I authors last name giving full publication information for all primary and secondary sources used in a particular document; also called a bibliography |
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180) dictionary |
A book that gives the definition, part of speech, synonyms, etymology,ect. of a word |
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181) thesaurus |
A reference book that lists synonyms for words |
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182) glossary |
A list at The back of the book that explains or defines difficult or unusual words |
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155) multimedia techniques |
lighting, sound ,color ,camera focus, camera angles, etc. |
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183) table of contents |
List of divisions in which page they start on found at the beginning of a book |
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184) index |
A list of alphabetical names places, and topics along with the page number in which it is discussed ; Found in the back of the book |
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185) plagiarism |
when you take ideas from a source without giving the author credit in an in text citation |
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186) figurative language |
using words or phrases and I'm nonliteral connotative way |
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187) hyperbole |
and exaggeration used for emphasis or to make a point |
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188) idiom |
phrases that are used in a figurative way instead of a literal way within a culture |
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189) imagery |
languages to create a sensory impression in the readers mind |
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190) metaphor |
A comparison of two unlike things |
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191) onomatopoeia |
use of words to imitate sound Effects |
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192) oxymoron |
figure of speech that places two contradictory words together for a special affect |
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156) conflict |
A struggle or clash between posing characters ( external ), forces ( external ), or the characters emotions ( internal ) |
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193) personification |
giving human characteristics to objects or animals |
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194) simile |
comparing two unlike things using the words "like" or "as" |
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195) alliteration |
repetition of the beginning consonant sounds |
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196) symbolism |
using an object to represent something else |
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197) euphemism |
The substitution of a mild and pleasant expression for a harsh and blunt one |
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198) extended metaphor |
A metaphor that is carried throughout a text |
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199) cliché |
Word or phrase that is overused to the point that it becomes corny |
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200) Fiction |
an imaginative literary work |
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201) nonfiction |
writing that has based on actual persons, places,things, or events |
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202) genre |
A category of literature ( science-fiction, Fantasy, historical fiction, etc.) |
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157) Direct characterization |
when an author tells readers about a character directly |
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203) expository text |
text written to explain or convey information to the reader |
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204) narrative text |
A text that tells a story |
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205) legend |
A traditional, historical tale has handed down from one generation to the next, first orally and later in written form |
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206) myth |
A traditional story of anonymous origin that deals with gods, heroes, or supernatural events. Myths explain a belief, custom, or force of nature |
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207) folktale |
A story passed down from generation to generation by the word of the mouth; Folktales may involve supernatural events and superhuman characteristics |
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208) fable |
A brief story that contains a moral or practical lesson about life and often uses animal characters |
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209) science-fiction |
Fiction in which a writer explores unexpected possibilities of the past or the future (includes fantasy and dystopian literature) |
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210) fantasy |
a genre that uses magical and supernatural forms as a primary element of the plot, theme, and setting |
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211) drama |
literary work written in dialogue to be performed before an audience by actors on the stage |
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212) monologue |
A long speech by character in the play spoken as if the character is alone |
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158) indirect characterization |
when an author shows readers who the character is is by describing their actions and preferences |
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213) stage directions |
directions in a play that explain how a character should look, speak, move or behave |
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214) soliloquy |
speech given by character alone on the stage in which the character reveals thoughts and plans |
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215) Greek and Latin roots and affixes |
really long name for words stems |
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216) root word |
The element of a word that is the basis of its meaning |
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217) prefix |
a word stem that comes before the root word |
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218) suffix |
A word stem that comes after the root word |
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219) context clues |
The words or sentences that give the Reader a clue to help him or her comprehend the meaning of an unfamiliar word, a sentence, or a paragraph |
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220) connotation |
The implied meaning of a word |
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221) denotation |
The dictionary meaning of a word |
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222) synonym |
A word who's meeting is the same as another word such as " fix" and "repair" |
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159) flashback |
When the present action of the story is interrupted to think back and remember something that happened in the past |
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223) antonym |
A word meaning the opposite of another word such as "find" and " lose " |
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224) analogy |
Point by point comparison between two things that are alike in some respect |
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225) technical language |
terms used in the specialized field such as science or technology |
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160) foreshadowing |
The use of hints and clues in a narrative to suggest future events |
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161) antagonist |
The force working against the protagonist or main character |
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162) protagonist |
The main character in a story, play, or novel; The protagonist usually undergoes changes as the plot the runs it's course |
