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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Give an example of a plural ending on a noun: |
geese = geeses man = mans |
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Define: Idiom |
an expression that makes sense in a sentence but not on its own i.e. 'how about'. |
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Define: Morphology |
the formation of words. |
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Define: Prosody |
the rhythm, stress & intonation of speech. |
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Define: Holophrase |
a single word that expresses a whole idea. |
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Define: Phonemic expansion |
the variety of sounds produced increases. |
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Define: the Language Acquisition Device |
a humans brains built in capacity to acquire language. |
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Define: Behaviourists |
those who believe language is learnt through imitation & reinforcement. |
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Define: Virtuous Error |
syntactic errors made by children as they develop grammatically. |
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Define: Overgeneralisation |
Extending a rule beyond its normal use 'runn-ed'. |
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Define: Stative verb |
a verb that describes a state i.e. 'sad'. |
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Define: Reduplication |
bottle = bubu. water = wowo. |
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Define: Negation |
using negative words i.e. 'no' & 'not'. |
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Define: Underextension |
restricting application of a word 'white' to describe snow. |
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Give an example of a verb ending: |
runn(ed) |
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Define: Demonstratives |
show where an object is in relation to the speaker i.e. 'this' & 'that'. |
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What grammar forms are important in detecting language development? |
absence/presence of determiners, demonstratives and possessives. |
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Give an example of a basic verb: |
had, go, got. |
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Give an example of the active voice: |
'for my birthday I got' - subject of the sentence performs the action. |
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What is a declarative? |
convey information or make statements. |
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What is an imperative? |
a command. |
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What is an interrogative? |
a question. |
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Define: Preposition |
short words, in front of nouns i.e. 'in' shows direction, time, location etc. |
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Define: Labelling |
when a child names someone/ something. |
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Give examples of auxiliary verbs: |
am, has, will, can. |
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What are names of the stages of development in a baby's 1st year? |
1.Vegative. 2.Cooing. 3.Babbling. 4.Proto-words. |
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How old is the baby during the Vegative stage and what does it do? |
0-4 months -sounds of discomfort. -reflex actions. |
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How old is the baby during the Cooing stage and what does it do? |
4-7 months -comfort sounds. -vocal play 'gaga'. |
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How old is the baby during the Babbling stage and what does it do? |
6-12 months -repeated patters of consonant/vowel sounds |
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How old is the baby during the Proto-words stage and what does it do? |
9-12 months -word like vocalisations. -gestures. |
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What are names of the stages of development in a baby's 2nd year? |
1.Holophrastic. 2.Two-word. 3.Telegraphic. 4.Post-telegraphic. |
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How old is the baby during the Holophrastic stage and what does it do? |
12-18 months -one word utterances 'yes'. |
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How old is the baby during the Two-word stage and what does it do? |
18-24 months -two word combinations 'yes ok'. |
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How old is the baby during the Telegraphic stage and what does it do? |
24-36 months -three & more words combined. |
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How old is the baby during the Post-telegraphic stage and what does it do? |
36+ months -more grammatically complex combinations. |
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What is the idea behind Hallidays 'taxonomy'? |
Children are motivated to develop language as it serves a purpose for them. |
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What are the 7 ideas within the taxonomy? |
1.Instrumental - uses language to express needs 'want drink'. 2.Regulartoy - to tell others what to do 'go away'. 3.Interactional - form relationships 'love you'. 4.Personal - expressing feelings 'i good girl'. 5.Heuristic - to gain knowledge 'whats that'. 6.Imaginitive - storys/imaginary environment. 7.Representational - convey facts/info. |
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What are the ideas behind Chompskys innatist theory? |
-Brain pre-programmed for lang acq. -understand universal grammar as principals are innately in the LAD. -LAD needs stimulus to understand language completely. -critical period of lang development 2-7 years. -resist correction.
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What are the Ideas behind Skinners behaviourist theory? |
-reinforcement from environment. -shaped by positive/negative feedback. -human behaviour is 'conditioned'. |
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What phonological features to adults use when speaking to children? |
-slower, clearer pronunciation. -more pauses. -higher pitched. -exaggerated intonation & stress. |
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What lexical features to adults use when speaking to children? |
-simpler, more restricted vocabulary. -diminuitive forms e.g. doggie. -concrete language, referring to objects in a childs immediate environment. |
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What grammatical features to adults use when speaking to children? |
-simpler constructions. -frequent use of imperatives. -high degree of repetition. -frequent questions. -use of personal names instead of pronouns 'mummy' not 'I'. |
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What questions should you consider before annotating a text? |
-who participates. -relationship between speakers. -the setting. -developmental stage of child. -what other cultural factors might influence the data i.e. books, television. |
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Define: Deletion |
when a child drops a consonant altogether i.e. dog = do, cat = ca. |
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Define: Substitution |
instead of dropping a consonant a child may add another that is easier to say i.e. legs = wegs. |
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Define: Addition |
when a child adds a vowel at the end of a word i.e. dog = dogu. |
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Define: Adjacency pairs |
a unit of conversation as an exchange between two speakers i.e. hello replied with hello. |
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What are the purposes of child directed speech? |
-encouraging a child to interact/understand. -build a relationship. |
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Give an example of a diminutive: |
i.e. 'birdie' & 'doggie'.
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Define: Omission |
when function words are left out of a sentence 'annie go for walk' instead of 'annie, shall we go for a walk?'. |
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What 3 things happens between the ages of 2-4? |
-turn-taking & take part in dialogues understanding the needs of the listener. -awareness of social factors i.e. politeness forms. -nursery/school = social interaction skills improve seeing what kind of language is appropriate in different contexts. |
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Why do older children sometimes use CDS when talking to other children? |
they imitate adult speech as they're more aware of whats appropriate for different audiences. |
