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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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He was the Stuart son of Charles I and ruler of England from 1660-1685. He was known as the "Merry Monarch" because of his restoration of a more liberal culture after Cromwell's conservative republic.
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Charles II
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This occured when Parliament invited, in 1660, the Stuart son of Charles I, Charles II, to return to England to rule, thereby ending the Cromwellian republic.
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The Restoration
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This was Oliver Cromwell's attempt at creating the first written constitution of England. It provided landowners the power to elect MPs (members of Parliament).
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Institute of Government of 1653
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The largely Anglican Tories believed in a hereditary monarchy and favored allowing Charles II's Catholic brother, James, to become king after Restoration. The Whigs opposed this because his Catholicism and his absolutist tendencies.
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Tories and Whigs
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English philosopher and author of "Two Treatises of Government, in which he argued that individuals have natural rights of life, political equality, and property that could not be violated by a political leader in a social contract. He believed governments existed only to protect these natural rights, and any government failing to do so should be overthrown.
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John Locke
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1701 law by Parliament stating that should William III die heirless, Mary's Protestant sister, Anne, would take the throne, thereby protecting Protestant rule of England.
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Act of Settlement
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None of Queen Anne's (1701-14) seventeen children survived her, leading to her granddaughter's son, George I, of the Germanic Hanoverian family, becoming king of England.
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Hanoverian Succession
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1701 act of Parliament uniting England and Scotland into one kingdom: Great Britain. Intended to strengthen England against France. Abolished the Scottish Parliament.
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Act of Union
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Though retaining the role of head of state, the monarch in this type of governmental system, like Great Britain's, must consult wiht Parliament.
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Limited Constitutional Monarchy
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English philosopher and author of "Leviathan, in which he explained that a state of chaos and war existed prior to a social contract forming a government, which should be led by a sovereign invested with absolute power in exchange for protection of group safety and social order.
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Thomas Hobbes
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Though retaining the role of head of state, the monarch in this type of governmental system, like Great Britain's, must consult wiht Parliament.
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Limited Constitutional Monarchy
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1679 Parliamentary measure protecting people from arbitrary arrest and unfair imprisonment. According to this, an arrested individual must be seized with a specific charge and brought before a judge.
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Habeas Corpus Act
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1689 law passed by Parliament granting some religious freedom to dissenting Protestants who had broken away from the Anglican Church. However, this prohibited them from holding public office.
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Toleration Act
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In 1688, Parliament gave the crown to James II's Protestant daughter, Mary II, and her Protestant husband, William III, as joint rulers rather than to James II's Catholic son. It was a bloodless and "glorious" transfer of power.
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Glorious Revolution
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1689 document declaring Parliament would choose who ruled England, that the ruler could not tax without Parliamentary consent, that the ruler could not suspend Parliament, that the ruler was subject to all laws, that Parliament was to meet frequently, that MPs were guaranteed freedom of speech, and that cruel and unusual punishment was illegal.
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English Bill of Rights
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King George II's chief minister until 1742 who worked for peace. He strengthened the role of Britain's cabinet and stabilized the political landscape, earning him the label as the first English "Prime Minister."
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Robert Walpole
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A firm believer in British rights to expand control across Africa. He successfully helped Britain gain control of South Africa and Rhodesia (named after him). Lived from 1853-1902.
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Cecil Rhodes
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The right given to foreigners to live using their own laws rather than the laws of the nation in which they reside. Europeans and Americans in the nineteenth century often demanded and received this privilege.
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Extraterritoriality
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In 1898 England and France almost came to war over Fashoda, located in Sudan. The area was of no economic or political importance. This incident illustrated the dangers of imperialsim, in that European nations were willing to fight over useless territory.
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Fashoda Incident
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England's successful efforts to force China to allow the sale of opium in China, beginning in 1839. China's imperial government opposed the sale, but England forces were too strong. England's colony, India, was a major source of opium and needed markets for the supply it produced.
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Opium War
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Policy of controlling colonies by using local rulers to run the day-to-day affairs of the colonies. Indirect rule allowed local officials to keep power as long as they operated under orders from the "mother" nation.
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Indirect Rule
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This rebellion attempted to overthrow the Qing dynasty in China. Hong Xiuquan, who claimed relation to Jesus, led it. It was defeated in 1864 after intervention by European nations.
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Taiping Rebellion
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Epidemic that broke out in 1347 due to growing urbanization and unsanitary conditions. It spread along major trade routes, and may have killed nearly 30 percent of Europeans between 1347-51. Also known as the Bubonic Plague.
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Black Death
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Centered in Constantinople, the Turkish imperial state that conquered large amounts of land in the Middle East, North Africa, and the Balkans, and fell after World War I.
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Ottoman Empire
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Groups of religious and ethnic minorities who formed administrative units. These units were governed by laws particular to their needs within the Ottoman Empire.
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Millets
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