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62 Cards in this Set
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Analogy
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a comparison between two things, typically on the basis of their structure and for the purpose of explanation or clarification. Ex. Works of art are analagous for works of nature
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Analogy
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a comparison between two things, typically on the basis of their structure and for the purpose of explanation or clarification. Ex. Works of art are analagous for works of nature
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Alliteration
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the occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words. Ex. Peter Piper Picked a Peck of Pickled Peppers
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Allusion
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an expression designed to call something to mind without mentioning it explicitly; an indirect or passing reference. Ex. This quote alludes to a Shakesperian title
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Antithesis
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a person or thing that is the direct opposite of someone or something else. Ex. Love is the antithesis to war
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Assonance
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the repetition of the sound of a vowel or diphthong in nonrhyming stressed syllables near enough to each other for the echo to be discernible. Ex. Medicine and Denzien
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Asyndeton
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the omission or absence of a conjunction between parts of a sentence. Ex. Without looking, withput making a sound, without talking.
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Cacophony
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the use of words with sharp, harsh, hissing and unmelodious sounds primarily those of consonants to achieve desired results. Ex. I detest war because cause of was is always trivial.
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Connotation
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a meaning that is implied by a word apart from the thing which it describes explicitly. Ex. Wall Street is a street in Manhattan, but can be reffered to wealth or power
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Denotation
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literal or dictionary meanings of a word in contrast to its connotative or associated meanings. Ex. ANY DICTIONARY DEFINITION
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Diction
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style of speaking or writing determined by the choice of words by a speaker or a writer. Ex. A formal diction is used in a speech or lecture
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Analogy
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a comparison between two things, typically on the basis of their structure and for the purpose of explanation or clarification. Ex. Works of art are analagous for works of nature
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Alliteration
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the occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words. Ex. Peter Piper Picked a Peck of Pickled Peppers
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Allusion
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an expression designed to call something to mind without mentioning it explicitly; an indirect or passing reference. Ex. This quote alludes to a Shakesperian title
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Antithesis
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a person or thing that is the direct opposite of someone or something else. Ex. Love is the antithesis to war
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Assonance
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the repetition of the sound of a vowel or diphthong in nonrhyming stressed syllables near enough to each other for the echo to be discernible. Ex. Medicine and Denzien
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Asyndeton
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the omission or absence of a conjunction between parts of a sentence. Ex. Without looking, withput making a sound, without talking.
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Cacophony
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the use of words with sharp, harsh, hissing and unmelodious sounds primarily those of consonants to achieve desired results. Ex. I detest war because cause of was is always trivial.
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Connotation
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a meaning that is implied by a word apart from the thing which it describes explicitly. Ex. Wall Street is a street in Manhattan, but can be reffered to wealth or power
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Denotation
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literal or dictionary meanings of a word in contrast to its connotative or associated meanings. Ex. ANY DICTIONARY DEFINITION
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Diction
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style of speaking or writing determined by the choice of words by a speaker or a writer. Ex. A formal diction is used in a speech or lecture
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Didactic
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literary texts which are overloaded with informative or realistic matter and are marked by the omission of graceful and pleasing details Ex.
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Ethos
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credibility or an ethical appeal which involves persuasion by the character involved. Ex. A proffessor is more credible than a bum.
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Extended Metaphor
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a comparison between two unlike things that continues throughout a series of sentences in a paragraph or lines in a poem. Ex. A really long metaphor
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False Analogy
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a faulty instance of the argument from analogy. Ex. I think that people can have some affection for their cultural heritage. You're just like Hitler!
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Generalization
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a general statement or concept obtained by inference from specific cases. Ex. All women are bad drivers
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Hyperbole
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a figure of speech, which involves an exaggeration of ideas for the sake of emphasis. Ex. I haven't ssen you in forever!
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Independent Clause
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a clause that can stand by itself as a simple sentence. Ex. I enjoy sitting by the fireplace and reading.
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Invective
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speech or writing that attacks, insults, or denounces a person, topic, or institution. Ex. You're stupid!
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Irony
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a difference between the appearance and the reality. Ex. The name of Britain’s biggest dog was “Tiny”.
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Logical Fallacy
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a common error in reasoning that will undermine the logic of your argument. Ex. See False Analogy
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Logos
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a literary device that can be defined as a statement, sentence or argument used to convince or persuade the targeted audience by employing reason or logic. Ex. You should buy this umbrella because it rains sometimes.
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Metaphor
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a resemblance of two contradictory or different objects is made based on a single or some common characteristics. Ex. He was a cloud when he danced.
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Metonymy
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a figure of speech that replaces the name of a thing with the name of something else with which it is closely associated. Ex. The pen is mightier than the sword.
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Mood
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a literary element that evokes certain feelings or vibes in readers through words and descriptions. Ex. I'm feeling sad today.
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Oversimplification
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to simplify to such an extent as to bring about distortion, misunderstanding, or error. Ex. What I've done to this entire assignment.
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Oxymoron
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a figure of speech in which two opposite ideas are joined to create an effect. Ex. Same difference
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Paradox
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a statement that appears to be self-contradictory or silly but may include a latent truth. Ex. I am nobody. Or the mere thought of time travel.
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Parallelism
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the use of components in a sentence that are grammatically the same. Ex. Like father, like son.
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Parody
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an imitation of a particular writer, artist or a genre, exaggerating it deliberately to produce a comic effect. Ex. Weird Al Yankovic
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Pathos
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a quality of an experience in life or a work of art that stirs up emotions of pity, sympathy and sorrow. Ex. The hot chick in all of the burger commercials.
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Pedanic
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someone who is concerned with precision, formalism, accuracy, minute details in order to make an arrogant and ostentatious show of learning. Ex. Me
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Personification
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a figure of speech in which a thing, an idea or an animal is given human attributes. Ex. The sky weeps
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Polysyndeton
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a stylistic device in which several coordinating conjunctions are used in succession in order to achieve an artistic effect. Ex. The Bible when it uses "and" a lot.
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Prepositional phrase
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a modifying phrase consisting of a preposition and its object. Ex. At home
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Pun
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a play on words in which a humorous effect is produced by using a word that suggests two or more meanings or by exploiting similar sounding words having different meanings. Ex. Almost anything that comes out of my mouth.
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Red Herring
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a kind of fallacy that is an irrelevant topic introduced in an argument to divert the attention of listeners or readers from the original issue.
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Rhetorical Question
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a rhetorical question is asked when the questioner himself knows the answer already or an answer is not actually demanded. Ex. Why won't you leave me alone?
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Saracasm
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a literary and rhetorical device that is meant to mock with often satirical or ironic remarks with a purpose to amuse and hurt someone or some section of society simultaneously. Ex. I didn't attend the funeral, but I sent a nice letter saying I approved of it.
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Satire
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a technique employed by writers to expose and criticize foolishness and corruption of an individual or a society by using humor, irony, exaggeration or ridicule. Ex. Animal Farm, Catch 22, Slaughterhouse Five
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Simile
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a figure of speech that makes a comparison, showing similarities between two different things. Ex. John is as slow as a snail.
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Schemes
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Schemes are figures of speech that deal with word order, syntax, letters, and sounds, rather than the meaning of words, which involves tropes.
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Stereotype
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An author's method of treating a character so that the character is immediately identified with a group.
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Straw Man
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when a person simply ignores a person's actual position and substitutes a distorted, exaggerated or misrepresented version of that position.
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Subordinate Clause
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a clause, typically introduced by a conjunction, that forms part of and is dependent on a main clause
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Syllogism
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a rhetorical device that starts an argument with a reference to something general and from this it draws conclusion about something more specific.
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Synecdoche
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a literary device in which a part of something represents the whole or it may use a whole to represent a part.
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Syntax
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a set of rules in a language. Ex. The general word order of an English sentence is “Subject+Verb+Object”.
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Tone
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an attitude of a writer toward a subject or an audience. Ex. Father: “We are going on a vacation. ”Son: “That’s great!!!" Son has cheerful tone.
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Tricolon
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a series of three parallel words, phrases, or causes. Ex. Vedi, vini, vici.
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Understatement
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a figure of speech employed by writers or speakers to intentionally make a situation seem less important than it really is. Ex. Tis but a scratch!
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Zeugma
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a figure of speech in which a word, usually a verb or an adjective, applies to more than one noun, blending together grammatically and logically different ideas. Ex. I was lost my wallet and my mind.
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