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62 Cards in this Set

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Analogy
a comparison between two things, typically on the basis of their structure and for the purpose of explanation or clarification. Ex. Works of art are analagous for works of nature
Analogy
a comparison between two things, typically on the basis of their structure and for the purpose of explanation or clarification. Ex. Works of art are analagous for works of nature
Alliteration
the occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words. Ex. Peter Piper Picked a Peck of Pickled Peppers
Allusion
an expression designed to call something to mind without mentioning it explicitly; an indirect or passing reference. Ex. This quote alludes to a Shakesperian title
Antithesis
a person or thing that is the direct opposite of someone or something else. Ex. Love is the antithesis to war
Assonance
the repetition of the sound of a vowel or diphthong in nonrhyming stressed syllables near enough to each other for the echo to be discernible. Ex. Medicine and Denzien
Asyndeton
the omission or absence of a conjunction between parts of a sentence. Ex. Without looking, withput making a sound, without talking.
Cacophony
the use of words with sharp, harsh, hissing and unmelodious sounds primarily those of consonants to achieve desired results. Ex. I detest war because cause of was is always trivial.
Connotation
a meaning that is implied by a word apart from the thing which it describes explicitly. Ex. Wall Street is a street in Manhattan, but can be reffered to wealth or power
Denotation
literal or dictionary meanings of a word in contrast to its connotative or associated meanings. Ex. ANY DICTIONARY DEFINITION
Diction
style of speaking or writing determined by the choice of words by a speaker or a writer. Ex. A formal diction is used in a speech or lecture
Analogy
a comparison between two things, typically on the basis of their structure and for the purpose of explanation or clarification. Ex. Works of art are analagous for works of nature
Alliteration
the occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words. Ex. Peter Piper Picked a Peck of Pickled Peppers
Allusion
an expression designed to call something to mind without mentioning it explicitly; an indirect or passing reference. Ex. This quote alludes to a Shakesperian title
Antithesis
a person or thing that is the direct opposite of someone or something else. Ex. Love is the antithesis to war
Assonance
the repetition of the sound of a vowel or diphthong in nonrhyming stressed syllables near enough to each other for the echo to be discernible. Ex. Medicine and Denzien
Asyndeton
the omission or absence of a conjunction between parts of a sentence. Ex. Without looking, withput making a sound, without talking.
Cacophony
the use of words with sharp, harsh, hissing and unmelodious sounds primarily those of consonants to achieve desired results. Ex. I detest war because cause of was is always trivial.
Connotation
a meaning that is implied by a word apart from the thing which it describes explicitly. Ex. Wall Street is a street in Manhattan, but can be reffered to wealth or power
Denotation
literal or dictionary meanings of a word in contrast to its connotative or associated meanings. Ex. ANY DICTIONARY DEFINITION
Diction
style of speaking or writing determined by the choice of words by a speaker or a writer. Ex. A formal diction is used in a speech or lecture
Didactic
literary texts which are overloaded with informative or realistic matter and are marked by the omission of graceful and pleasing details Ex.
Ethos
credibility or an ethical appeal which involves persuasion by the character involved. Ex. A proffessor is more credible than a bum.
Extended Metaphor
a comparison between two unlike things that continues throughout a series of sentences in a paragraph or lines in a poem. Ex. A really long metaphor
False Analogy
a faulty instance of the argument from analogy. Ex. I think that people can have some affection for their cultural heritage. You're just like Hitler!
Generalization
a general statement or concept obtained by inference from specific cases. Ex. All women are bad drivers
Hyperbole
a figure of speech, which involves an exaggeration of ideas for the sake of emphasis. Ex. I haven't ssen you in forever!
Independent Clause
a clause that can stand by itself as a simple sentence. Ex. I enjoy sitting by the fireplace and reading.
Invective
speech or writing that attacks, insults, or denounces a person, topic, or institution. Ex. You're stupid!
Irony
a difference between the appearance and the reality. Ex. The name of Britain’s biggest dog was “Tiny”.
Logical Fallacy
a common error in reasoning that will undermine the logic of your argument. Ex. See False Analogy
Logos
a literary device that can be defined as a statement, sentence or argument used to convince or persuade the targeted audience by employing reason or logic. Ex. You should buy this umbrella because it rains sometimes.
Metaphor
a resemblance of two contradictory or different objects is made based on a single or some common characteristics. Ex. He was a cloud when he danced.
Metonymy
a figure of speech that replaces the name of a thing with the name of something else with which it is closely associated. Ex. The pen is mightier than the sword.
Mood
a literary element that evokes certain feelings or vibes in readers through words and descriptions. Ex. I'm feeling sad today.
Oversimplification
to simplify to such an extent as to bring about distortion, misunderstanding, or error. Ex. What I've done to this entire assignment.
Oxymoron
a figure of speech in which two opposite ideas are joined to create an effect. Ex. Same difference
Paradox
a statement that appears to be self-contradictory or silly but may include a latent truth. Ex. I am nobody. Or the mere thought of time travel.
Parallelism
the use of components in a sentence that are grammatically the same. Ex. Like father, like son.
Parody
an imitation of a particular writer, artist or a genre, exaggerating it deliberately to produce a comic effect. Ex. Weird Al Yankovic
Pathos
a quality of an experience in life or a work of art that stirs up emotions of pity, sympathy and sorrow. Ex. The hot chick in all of the burger commercials.
Pedanic
someone who is concerned with precision, formalism, accuracy, minute details in order to make an arrogant and ostentatious show of learning. Ex. Me
Personification
a figure of speech in which a thing, an idea or an animal is given human attributes. Ex. The sky weeps
Polysyndeton
a stylistic device in which several coordinating conjunctions are used in succession in order to achieve an artistic effect. Ex. The Bible when it uses "and" a lot.
Prepositional phrase
a modifying phrase consisting of a preposition and its object. Ex. At home
Pun
a play on words in which a humorous effect is produced by using a word that suggests two or more meanings or by exploiting similar sounding words having different meanings. Ex. Almost anything that comes out of my mouth.
Red Herring
a kind of fallacy that is an irrelevant topic introduced in an argument to divert the attention of listeners or readers from the original issue.
Rhetorical Question
a rhetorical question is asked when the questioner himself knows the answer already or an answer is not actually demanded. Ex. Why won't you leave me alone?
Saracasm
a literary and rhetorical device that is meant to mock with often satirical or ironic remarks with a purpose to amuse and hurt someone or some section of society simultaneously. Ex. I didn't attend the funeral, but I sent a nice letter saying I approved of it.
Satire
a technique employed by writers to expose and criticize foolishness and corruption of an individual or a society by using humor, irony, exaggeration or ridicule. Ex. Animal Farm, Catch 22, Slaughterhouse Five
Simile
a figure of speech that makes a comparison, showing similarities between two different things. Ex. John is as slow as a snail.
Schemes
Schemes are figures of speech that deal with word order, syntax, letters, and sounds, rather than the meaning of words, which involves tropes.
Stereotype
An author's method of treating a character so that the character is immediately identified with a group.
Straw Man
when a person simply ignores a person's actual position and substitutes a distorted, exaggerated or misrepresented version of that position.
Subordinate Clause
a clause, typically introduced by a conjunction, that forms part of and is dependent on a main clause
Syllogism
a rhetorical device that starts an argument with a reference to something general and from this it draws conclusion about something more specific.
Synecdoche
a literary device in which a part of something represents the whole or it may use a whole to represent a part.
Syntax
a set of rules in a language. Ex. The general word order of an English sentence is “Subject+Verb+Object”.
Tone
an attitude of a writer toward a subject or an audience. Ex. Father: “We are going on a vacation. ”Son: “That’s great!!!" Son has cheerful tone.
Tricolon
a series of three parallel words, phrases, or causes. Ex. Vedi, vini, vici.
Understatement
a figure of speech employed by writers or speakers to intentionally make a situation seem less important than it really is. Ex. Tis but a scratch!
Zeugma
a figure of speech in which a word, usually a verb or an adjective, applies to more than one noun, blending together grammatically and logically different ideas. Ex. I was lost my wallet and my mind.