English Final Exam

Front 1

Irony

Back 1

contrast between appearance and actuality.

Front 2

Situational Irony

Back 2

Contrast between what is expected to happen and what actually does happen.

Front 3

Dramatic Irony

Back 3

When the readers know more about a situation or a character in the story than the characters in the story do.

Front 4

Verbal Irony

Back 4

When someone states one thing and means another

Front 5

Personification

Back 5

a figure of speech in which an object, animal, or idea is given human characteristics

Front 6

Allusion

Back 6

An indirect reference to a person, place, event, or literary work with which the author believes the reader will be familiar.

Front 7

Allegory

Back 7

A work of literature in which people, objects, and events stand for abstract qualities. Any writing in verse or prose that has a double meaning. An allegory, a bird might represent freedom, for example, or a child might represent innocence.

Front 8

Oxymoron

Back 8

Using contradiction in a manner that oddly makes sense on a deeper level. Also called a paradox

Front 9

Anachronism

Back 9

Placing an event, person, item, or verbal expression in the wrong historical period.

Front 10

Hyperbole

Back 10

A figure of speech in which the truth is exaggerated for emphasis or for humorous effect.

Front 11

Litotes

Back 11

Figures of speech in which a certain statement is expressed by denying its opposite. Example: "not unattractive"

Front 12

Assonance

Back 12

The repetition of vowel sounds within words.

Front 13

Antithesis

Back 13

Using opposite phrases in close conjunction. Example: "I burn and I freeze," or "Her character is white as sunlight, black as midnight."

Front 14

Metaphor

Back 14

A figure of speech that compares two things that have something in common. Metaphors do not use "like" or "as".

Front 15

Internal Rhyme

Back 15

A poetic device in which a word in the middle of a line rhymes with a word at the end of the same metrical line. Example: Ah, distinctly I *remember* it was in the bleak *December*

Front 16

Parallel Structure

Back 16

Using the same pattern of words to show that two or more ideas have the same level of importance. Similar patterns of grammatical structure and length.
Example: Mary likes hiking, swimming, and bicycling.
Or:
I Sit
I Hear
I See

Front 17

Repetition

Back 17

Recurrence of words, phrases, or lines.
Example: May the warp be
May the weft be

Front 18

Pivotal Words

Back 18

Words that create an opposite change in a sentence.
Example: but, however

Front 19

Motif

Back 19

An object or pattern that you see in many different places in the book.
Example: Rain can be a motif. It might rain whenever a character is feeling bad in a story.

Front 20

Rhetorical Question

Back 20

Any question asked for a purpose other than to obtain the information the question asks.
Example, "Why are you so stupid?" is likely to be a statement regarding one's opinion of the person addressed rather than a genuine request to know

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Exordium

Back 21

Introduction

Front 22

Narratio

Back 22

Statement of Background: provides a narrative account of what has happened and explains the nature of the case

Front 23

Partitio

Back 23

Proposition: outlines the key points and overall structure of a speech

Front 24

Confirmatio

Back 24

written composition that sets out the arguments in support of a thesis: evidence

Front 25

Refutatio

Back 25

The part of an argument wherein a speaker or writer anticipates and counters opposing points of view

Front 26

Peroratio

Back 26

closing part of an argument, often with a summary and an appeal to pathos