English Final

Front 1

Classical Trivium

Back 1

Study of logic, rhetoric, and grammar; Latin for "place where three roads meet"

Front 2

Logic

Back 2

Ordering principle of the universe; study of patterns found in reasoning

Front 3

Rhetoric

Back 3

Faculty of observing, in any given situation, the available means of persuasion

Front 4

Grammar

Back 4

Rules of language

Front 5

Induction

Back 5

Reasoning based on evidence or examples

Front 6

Deduction

Back 6

Conclusion based on premise or hypothesis

Front 7

Tone

Back 7

Voice

Front 8

Dramatic Situation

Back 8

Audience and speaker

Front 9

Irony

Back 9

A discrepancy between what is expected and what actually occurs, either in language or circumstances

Front 10

Verbal Irony

Back 10

Irony of language

Front 11

Situational Irony

Back 11

Irony of circumstances

Front 12

Socratic Irony

Back 12

Pretended ignorance as a means of leading on and defeating one's opponent

Front 13

Dramatic Irony

Back 13

The words or actions of a literary character carry meaning that the audience percieves but the character does not

Front 14

Tragic Irony

Back 14

Sense of the universe's crulty and indifference

Front 15

Bias

Back 15

A slant, preference, perspective, prejudice

Front 16

Thesis

Back 16

Statement (sometimes several sentences) that clearly identifies the topic of a paper and presents a claim. Often placed near the end of an intro, a thesis explains the idea in a paper and shows readers the direction the essay will take. A thesis has 2 basic parts and an optional third part.

Front 17

Part 1 of a thesis

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Identifies a specific and narrow topic of a paper

Front 18

Part 2 of a thesis

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Makes a clear claim about the topic

Front 19

Part 3 of a thesis (optional)

Back 19

A thesis sometimes includes a qualification, a phrase or clause pointing out some inconsistency or apparent contradiction. If the opinion is positive, the qualification is often negative and vice versa

Front 20

Antithesis

Back 20

Opposite

Front 21

Connotation

Back 21

Associations picked up over time

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Denotation

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Official meaning

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Mutually Exclusive

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Cannot be more than one thing at once

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Collectively Exhaustive

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All possible categories are named and defined

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Hasty Generalization

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Drawing a conclusion on the basis of insufficient evidence

Front 26

Faulty Use of Authority

Back 26

The attempt to bolster dubious claims by citing the opinion of "experts" without acknowledging other "experts" who disagree

Front 27

Post Hoc, Ergo Propter Hoc

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"After this, therefore, because of this." Arguing that because one event follows another event, the first event must be the cause of the second

Front 28

False Analogy

Back 28

Using an analogy between two things as proof of a connection between those two things

Front 29

False Dilema

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Oversimplifying a complex problem by implying that only two alternatives exist

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Argument Ad Hominem

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"Against the Man" Attempt to discredit an argument by attacking the person making it rather than the argument itself

Front 31

Argument Ad Populum

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"To the People." Attempt to prove an argument is true by appealing to popular prejudices

Front 32

Begging the Question

Back 32

The arguer makes a statement that assumes that the very question being argued has already been proved

Front 33

Non Sequitur

Back 33

"It does not follow." A stated or implied link between unrelated matters

Front 34

Slippery Slope

Back 34

The unsupported claim that a first step will inevitably lead to a second, undesirable step