English Exam

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Literature

Back 1

Derived from the Latin term litera which means letter.

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Litera

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Latin term for literature which means letter.

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Literature

Back 3

The story of man's love, griefs, thoughts, dreams and aspirations coached in a beautiful language.

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Philippine Literature

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A collection of texts, both oral and written, whether published as books, serialized in periodicals, which are created by Filipinos.

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History

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Made up of events that really happened.

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Prose

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Consists of those written within the common flow of conversation in sentences and paragraphs.

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Poetry

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Expressions in verse, with measure and rhyme, line and stanza and has a more melodious tone.

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Novels

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A long narrative divided into chapters and consists of a major plot and multiple sub-plots

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Short story

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This narrative involving one or more characters, one plot and one single impression.

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Plays

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This is presented on a stage and divided into acts and each act has many scenes.

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Legends

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These are fictitious narratives, usually about origins.

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Fables

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These are fictitious and deal with animals and inanimate things who speak and act like people and their purpose is to enlighten the minds of children to events that can mold their ways and attitudes.

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Anecdotes

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These are merely products of the writer's imagination and the main aim is to bring out lessons to the read.

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Essay

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This expresses the viewpoint or opinion of the writer about a particular problem or event. Example: editorial page of a newspaper.

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Biography

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This deals with the life of a person which maybe about himself, his autobiography or that of others.

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News

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This is a report of everyday events in society, government, science and industry, and accidents, happening nationally or not.

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Narrative Poetry

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This form describes important events in life either real or imaginary.

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Epic

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This is an extended narrative about heroic exploits often under Supernatural control.

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Metrical Tale

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This is a narrative which is written in verse and can be classified either as a ballad or a metrical romance.

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Ballads

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Of the narrative poems, this is considered the shortest and the simplest. It has simple structures and tells of a single incident.

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Lyric Poetry

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Kind of poetry meant to be sung to the accompaniment of a lyre, but now, this applies to any type of poetry that expresses emotions and feelings of the poet.

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Folksongs (Awiting Bayan)

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These are short poems intended to be sung.

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Sonnets

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This is a lyric poem of 14 lines dealing with an emotion, a feeling or an idea.

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Elegy

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This is a lyric poem which expresses feelings of grief and melancholy and whose theme is death.

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Ode

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This is a poem of a noble feeling, expressed with dignity, with no definite number of syllables or define number of lines in a stanza.

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Psalms (Dalit)

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This is a song praising God or the Virgin Mary and containing a philosophy of life.

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Comedy

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Comes from the Greek work "komos" meaning festivity or revelry. This form usually is light and written with the purpose of amusing and has happy ending

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Melodrama

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This is usually used in musical plays with the opera and related to tragedy just as the farce is to comedy.

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Tragedy

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Involves the hero struggling mightily against dynamic forces; he meets death or ruin without success obtained by the protagonist.

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Komos

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Greek word for Comedy.

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Western Visayas Literature

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Also called as Panayanon literature

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Western Visayas Literature

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Includes written or orally transmitted literature in the province's into which Panay is divided: Iloilo, Capiz, aantique, Aklan

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Hiligaynon

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The language spoken by about 10% of the population of the Philippines.

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Panayanon Literature

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Western Visayas Literature

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Hiligaynon

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This term also connotes the more formal and literary language as it is used in schools and by older generations of speakers and writers.

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Legends

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Form of prose and the common theme of which is about the origin of a thing, place, location or name.

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Folktales

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Made up of stories about life, adventure, love, horror and humor where one can derive lessons about life.

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The Epic Age

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Long narrative poems in which a series of heroic achievements or events, usually of a hero, are dealt with at length.

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Folk songs

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One of the oldest form of Philippine Literature that emerged in Pre-Spanish period.

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Proverbs

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Traditional sayings or Maxim's used by Filipinos based on local culture, wisdom and Philosophies of Filipino life.

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Proverbs

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Illustrated to be ornaments to language, words of ancestors handed down from one generation to another.

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1) To stress a point

2) Issue a warning

3) Introduce an Anecdote

4) Provide an insight into human nature

5) Instruct and Advise the youth in law, ethics, and religion.

6) Invoke as aids for legal formulations that could settle pleasant disputes.

7) Provide normative rules of conduct.

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Functions of Proverbs (7)

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Riddles

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Have been a central part of Filipino tradition since before the country became a colony of Spain.

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Bugtong

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Another term for riddles.

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Riddles

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Are enigmatic and puzzling questions.

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Tubo

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Isa ea ka metro nga kahoy to sabaw

Ginainom, to unod ginahaboy

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Egg

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Pitakilla sang hari, bukaron gani

Indi na mauli

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Balangao

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Saya ni Santa Maria

Sari-sari ang duag niya

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Duyan

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Buktut ang likod pilwak ang tiyamay apat ka sungay kag duwa ka ikog

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Taytay nga Kawayan

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Nahadluk ka sa Isa sa talo ya wala

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Duyan

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Sakay ako sang sakay, wala man sang samputan

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Amimilok

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Pagtabo sang mga bulbolon, gasirom na ang kalibutan

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Subay

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Maisot pa si kumpareng, mayad ba nagsaka sa lubi

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Sip-on

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Duwa ka prinsesa, guwa guwa sa kuweba

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Pinya

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Ang mahal nga Reyna nalibutan sang espada.

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Kalayo sa tinig-ang

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Pungko agta, sutsut yawa

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Rabanos

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Buto ka kastila, ginlubong sa duta

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Kawayan

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Balay ni San Pablo, may alkansya sa kwarto.

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T-shirt

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Isa ang suhotan, duwa ang kuluutan

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Bintana

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Kun ibanan nagadako , kun pasakayan nagaiban

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Ahos

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Maputi nga indi papel, mahipos nga Daw kahel

Mahumot nga indi agua, makahang nga indi man luy-a.

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Luwa

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Is a kind of folk poetry that is usually written in four lines, usually rhymed with the following structure aaaa, abab, aabb, abdc.

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Ili-ili

Dandansoy

Ohoy Alibangbang

Si Filemon

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Folksongs example (4)

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Tara

Batak-Dungan

Garay-garay

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Short folk poems (3)

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Ambahan

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A literary product and poetic expression of the southern mangyabs of Mindoro.

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Hanunoo

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Term of mangyan which means a truly real and genuine mangyan

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Ambahan

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A rythmic poetic expression with a meyer of seven syllable lines and having rythmic end-syllables.

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Ambahan

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It is often presented as a chant without determined musical pitch or accompaniment by musical instruments.

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Ambahan

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It's purpose is to express in an allegorical way. Liberally using poetic language, certain situations or characters referred to by the one reciting the poem.