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68 Cards in this Set
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william Bradford |
Wrote history of Plymouth Plantation and the Mayflower Compact. Bradford writes most of his history out of his nostalgia, long after the decline of Pilgrim fervor and commitment. Both the early annals which express his confidence in the Pilgrim mission and the later annals, some of which reveal his dismay and disappointment. Bradford's dialogues are a collection of fictional conversations between the old and the new generations. |
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Jonathan Edwards |
A calvanistic clergyman and an American theologian. He was rooted in Reformed theology, the metaphysics of theological determinism, and the Puritan heritage. Conceptions of beauty, harmony, and ethical fittingness, and how central The Enlightenment was to his mindset.[5] Edwards played a critical role in shaping the First Great Awakening, and oversaw some of the first revivals in 1733–35 at his church in Northampton, Massachusetts. Known fr Sinners of Hands of an Angry God". |
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Alexander Hamilton |
Wrote 85 essays called the Federalist Papers in order to get ratification of constitution. Founder of the first American political party. |
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Thomas Paine |
was an English-American political activist, philosopher, author, political theorist and revolutionary. As the author of two highly influential pamphlets at the start of the American Revolution, he inspired the Patriots in 1776 to declare independence from Britain.[1] His ideas reflected Enlightenment-era rhetoric of transnational human rights.[2] He has been called "a corsetmaker by trade, a journalist by profession, and a propagandist by inclination. Known for common sense. |
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Gustavas Vassa |
18th century abolitionist movement. He wrote the inetersting narrative of Gustavas vassa or Olaudan Equinox. He supported the British movement to end the slave trade. |
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Harriet Beecher Stowe |
was an American Abolitionist and an author. Her novel unce Tom's Cabin was a depiction of life for African American's under slavery it reached millions as a novel and a play became influential in the U.S. Helped lay groundwork for the civil war.The sentimental novel depicts the reality of slavery while also asserting that Christian love can overcome something as destructive as enslavement of fellow human beings.[4][5][6] Realistic picture of contemporary liife. |
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Susan B. Anthony |
Was an American social reformer who played a pivitol role in the womens suffrage movement. Collected anti-slavery petitions at the age of 17. New York state agent for the American Anti-slavery society. Friend with Fredrick Douglas, but disagreed with his reinforcing men only to vote. |
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Fredrick Douglas |
Was an African American social reformer, orator, writer and statesman. After escaping from slavery, he became a leader of the abolitionist movement, dazzling oratory. Wrote Narrative Life of Fredrick Douglas. Democracy and Christianity. |
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Abraham Lincoln |
was the 16th president of the U.S. Lincoln led U.S. through Civil War, preserved the Unin and abolishes slavery, strengthened the national government and modernized the economy. Direct and tactful expression, Most famous for the Gettysberg address. |
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Willa Cather |
Recognition for her novels of the frontier life ont the Great Plains. Grew up and graduated in Nebraska. O Pioneers! immirant farmers of the West. Pauls' Case about her fathers death is about a gay man who kills himself by getting hit by a train. |
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Emily Dickinson |
Was an American Poet born in Amherst Mass. Introverted and reclusive life, a private writer. Left 17 hundred poems after her death. She used slant rhyme in her writing and wrote, I heard a fly buzz when I died, I felt a Funeral in my brain, My life had stood a loaded Gun, and What soft Cherubric Creatures". Wrote abstractions as if they were familiar objects. |
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Samuel Longhorne Clemens |
Twain, An american author, used vernacular, exaggeration, deadpan narration and humorist. He wrote the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn the latter of ten called "The Great American Novel". Inspired by tall tales and John Bunyan. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life in the Mississippi, The Prince and the Pauper, A Connecticut Yankee in King arthur's Court and the Celebrated Jumping Frog, of Calaveras County. |
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John Smith |
Leader of Virginia Colony at Jamestown, condemned to death by Pocantas daughter dad. White triumph over indian opposition. First book in English in America, Description of New Engand. |
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Patrick Henry |
Great orator of Revolution, two speeches, one about stamp act and another "Give me Liberty or Give me death". |
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James Fenimore Cooper |
Writer of the early nineteenth Century. Sea stories and historical novels. Romances of the Frontier and Indian life. Tha Last of the Mohicans and The Pioneers. |
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John and Abgail Adams |
First Vice President Second first lady of U.S. Letters serve as eye witness accounts of the American Revolution. Letters from Boston and Philadelphia serve as primary sources that document the dangerous period in history during the revolution. |
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Herman Melville |
Was an American novelist, poet and writer of short stories. His contributions to th western cannn are the whaling Novel Moby Dick and the short work Bartleby the Scrivenger about a clerk inn wallstreet. Symbolism and Romance. Melville's work Moby Dick. Billy Bud, power of Sin. |
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Benjamin Franklin |
Pensylvania Gazette, Poor Richard's Almanac, first lending Library in Virginia. Dogood Papers with cmmon sense, humor and free thinking irreverance. Franklin's Autobiography, similiar to puritan theology, journey is secular and involves reason. poetry served nationalism. |
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Thomas Jefferson |
3rd President of U.S. American Independance and The Statute of Virginia for Religious Freedom |
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Phillis Wheatley |
An African American black woman, was captured at the age of eight and sold to John Wheatley, a Boston Merchant. Attractive and intelligent, she was encouraged to learn by her owner. She began writing poetry at the age of thirteen and wrote Her Poems on Various Subjects when she was twenty and Religious, moral. First published African American woman. |
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George Washington |
wrote diaries, letters, and other peices which have been collected in thrity seven volumes. Washington's Farewell address is considered to be his best work, written with the help of alexander Hamilton and James Maddison. |
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Ralph Waldo Emerson |
wrote about hard work, intellectual sprit of Americans, and the importance of learning about nature firsthand, rather than through books. He encouraged readers to trust themselves. Nature his first peice transcendentalism. |
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Nathaniel Hawthorne |
wrote the scarlet letter a book about Puritan New Enland society whose members left England to establish religious freedom. The sociey's puritanical ways ruin the life of Hester Prynne, who has a child with a minister but out of wedlock. Her child, Pearl, is condemned as she is considered the child of Satan. Hawthorne also wrote the House of Seven Gables. |
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Edgar Allen Poe |
Wrote the Raven, To Helen, Annabelle Lee, The Tell Tale Heart, The cask of Amontillado and the Fall of the House of Usher. Aesthetic cmmitment idolzed from poverty and early death. He believed that beauty was akin to truth and considered writing a relgious and moral obligation. Idolized the death of women and dead female bodies, strangeness in beauty. |
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Henry David Thoreau |
Wrote about nature in On Walden Pond and civil disobedience in "On the Duty of Civil Disobedience". The second greatest of the Transcendentalists, Thoreau lived a hermetic life on Walden Pond to test his transcendental philosophy of individualism, self reliance, and spiritual growth. His literary style interweaves with close natural observation, personal experiences, pointed rhetoric, symbolic meaning, and historical lore, poetic sensibility, philisopical and yankee love. |
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Walt Whitman |
Leaves of Grass, Whitman was origional and rejected the traditinal elements of verse-meter, rhyme, and conventional poetic diction. His subject matter centered on democracy and he individual common man. Elegy for Lincoln "O Captain! My Captain! |
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Bret Harte |
West a favorite realm of fiction. Miner in California then became a San Fransisco journalist. Wrote, "The Old West", "The Luck of Roaring Camp", and "The Outcasts of Poker Flat". First literary presentation of a colorful section of the country. |
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Henry James |
was most noted for contrasting American and European cultures Daaisy Miller, his most popular novel, tells how a charming American girl offends her European friends and an American gentleman of European training by her innocent familiarity with a young Italian. Style a simple and direct. |
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William James |
Henry's Brother, disciplines of philosophy, physiology, and psychology. Distinguished by pragmatic thinking. His works explore topics such as conversion, the sick soul, and blind faith. His imaginative use of point of view, interior monologue and possibly unreliable narrators in his own novels and tales brought a new depth and interest to narrative fiction. An extraordinarily productive writer, in addition to his voluminous works of fiction he published articles and books of travel, biography, autobiography, and criticism, and wrote plays, some of which were performed during his lifetime, though with limited success. His theatrical work is thought to have profoundly influenced his later novels and tales. |
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Edith Wharton |
lived in cosmopolitian circles, which supplied the setting for most of her work. Her major theme, the destructive effects of social conventions, is observed in the Hous of Mirth. Ethan Frame recounts the struggle of an individual against convention. |
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Stephen Crane |
Considered the first naturalist. The Red Badge of Courage as a civil war soldier. A young Soldiers experiences on the Battle Field.Crane described the ordeal in "The Open Boat.Prolific throughout his short life, he wrote notable works in the Realist tradition as well as early examples of American Naturalism and Impressionism. |
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Charlotte Perkins Gilman |
Darwinist perspective to different ends. She demanded complete emancipation of women, not only in particular reforms in education and in institutions of marriage and motherhood. yellow wallpaper and oppression. |
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Jack London |
London pushed naturalism to it's limits. Protagonists portray abilities of superman. He wrote call to the wild and To Build a Fire. |
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William Faulkner |
Faulkner’s syntax (the way a sentence is put together) helps contribute to this lack of a definitive conclusion, because many of his sentences meander and digress before ending—sometimes to the extent that we forget how the sentence began. This technique adds complexity to Faulkner’s fiction, which he intended to reflect the struggles faced in everyday world—struggles that usually don’t have clear resolutions. Wrote stories about the steady decline in aristocratic families in the fictional Southern town of Jefferson, modeled after his own town of oxford, Mississippi. Faulkner is noted for his convincing portrayal of abnormal minds and for his richly descriptive style with its affected and puzzling adjectives and metaphors. The most original writer of his time in terms of his time in terms of subject of his literature: heritage, southern memory, reality, and Myth. His works are as I lay dying and The Sound and the Fury. |
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F. Scott Fitzgerald |
Chronicled the manners, the moods and culture of the time, Roaring Twenties. The Great Gatsby which is ironic and tragic.Fitzgerald is considered a member of the "Lost Generation" of the 1920s. He finished four novels: This Side of Paradise, The Beautiful and Damned, The Great Gatsby (his most famous), and Tender Is the Night. A fifth, unfinished novel, The Love of the Last Tycoon, was published posthumously. Fitzgerald also wrote many short stories that treat themes of youth and promise along with age and despair. |
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Ernest Hemingway |
Joined a Volunteer ambulance unit in France then transferred to the Italian infantry until the close of WW1. He finally settled in Paris as a member of the expatriate group. He became a leading spokesman for "The Lost Generation "expressing feelings of war wounded people disillusioned by the loss of faith and hope. Demonstrating a stoic style, Hemingway did not emphasize emotions, only bare happenings reported with understatement and dialogue. His style was direct, concise, spare, objective, precise and rhythmic. His works include, The Sun Also Rises, A Farewell to Arms, For Whom the Bell Tolls, and The Old Man and the Sea, a parable of a man against nature, for which he won the Pultzer prize. He won the Noble Prize for Literature in 1954. |
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John Steinbeck |
combined naturalism and symbolism to express outrage and compassion for the plight of the farmers displaced by the Depression and the Dustbowl. His writing reflected a belief in the need for social justice, and hope that people can llearn from suffering of others. Grapes of Wrath, Of Mice and Men, The Red Pony and The Pearl. Realistic and immaginitive writings, sympathetic humor. |
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Upton Sinclair |
The Jungle, corruption and disgusting practices of the meatpacking industry in the early 20th century. Sinclairs work depicts poverty, horredendous living conditions, and hopelessness. |
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T.S. Eliot |
Wrote about questions that addressed our place in the universe and humankind's ability to love and communicate with others as reflected in The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock. The Wastland his longest work critiqued the failure of western civilization as illustrated by WWI. known for poetry. |
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Ezra Pound |
Used ordinary language, free verse, and concentrated word pictures, a technique used by Japanese and Chinese poets to create extrodinary imagery. This movement, called Imaism, emphasized clarity, precision and concise word choice. Encyclopedic poem The Cantos. Accused in 1945 of treason for spreading Fascist propaganda on the radio, Pound was aquitted but spent a decade a decade in a mental institution. |
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e.e. cummings |
Played around with form, punctuation, spelling, font, grammar, imagery, rhythm, and syntax. The Enormous Room, Tulips and Chimneys. While some of his poetry is free verse (with no concern for rhyme or meter), many have a recognizable sonnet structure of 14 lines, with an intricate rhyme scheme. A number of his poems feature a typographically exuberant style, with words, parts of words, or punctuation symbols scattered across the page, often making little sense until read aloud, at which point the meaning and emotion become clear. Cummings, who was also a painter, understood the importance of presentation, and used typography to "paint a picture" with some of his poems.[21] |
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Robert Frost |
Best loved poet, wrote in tradition verse forms and the plain speech of rural New Englanders. Conflict between nature and industrialization, Death of Hired of the Hired Man, Birches, Stopping By the Woods on a Snowy Evening, The Road Not Taken, Out! Out!, mending Wall. |
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Carl Sandburg |
One of Chicago's poets, described every day Americans in a positive tone, with simple, easy to understand words and free verse. He is most well known for his Chicago poems. |
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William Carlos Williams |
Wrote poetry and prose which that drew on his experience as a physician and his observations as working class women whose babies he delivered. Like Whitman, Williams incorporated American speech, expression, local culture, and ethnicity, and rhythm into his poetry. The Yung House Wife, The Red Wheel borrow, and This is just to say. |
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Countee Cullen |
"Black kleats for his youth, skill as a poet, and use of traditional forms. By 1929 Cullen had published four volumes of poetry. The title poem of The Black Christ and Other Poems (1929) was criticized for the use of Christian religious imagery - Cullen compared the lynching of a black man to the crucifixion of Jesus. |
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Langston Hughes |
Most successful black writer in America; among his works are poems, plays, novels, songs and movie scripts. He is most famous for his poetry, which is marked by a powerful commitment to a separate and distinctive black identity, and a sense of the shared presence of African Americans. His poetry aims at imaginatively emphasizing with the black "low down folks." Some of his most popular poems Harlem, Montage of a Dream Deferred, Ask your Mama. |
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Zora Neale Hurston |
hrough research women were denied the pulpit and the porch, the privileged sites of storytelling and the chance of self definition. Her aim was to revise and adapt vernacular forms to give a voice to women, creating a democratic oral culture. Their eyes were watching God, an African American woman trying to win the right to speak about living for herself. She resists the demeaning definitions of society that encompass her first two failed marriages and finally she marries Tea Cake, who gives herself the chance to speak herself into being. |
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Claude Mcay |
Wrote poetry that envoked the heritage of his native Jamaica. Mckay's "If we Must Die" won critical acclaim, as he was the first black poet to write in the form of an Elizabethan sonnet; it also established him as a militant. His poem, which conforms to the "White/English" sonnet structure, is a statement of irony. McKay uses the poetic form of his oppressors as a call to war. He advocated violent resistance to violence. |
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Conrad Aiken |
poet, essayist, novelist, and critic, was one of American's major figures in American literary modernism. Silent snow, young man falls into autistic world, cut off by silence and snow. |
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Ray Bradbury |
is a prolific science fiction, writer. Best known for novels such as Farenheit 451, set in a totalitarian government, in which a man whose job is to burn books begins to pilfer books and when discovered must run for his life; and The Martian Chronicles, a futuristic story about colonizing Mars. |
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J.D. Salinger |
His depiction of adolescent alienation and loss of innocence in the protagonist Holden Caulfield was influential, especially among adolescent readers.[2] The novel remains widely read and controversial,[a] selling around 250,000 copies a year. fought in World War two. His experiences from the war affected him emotionally, resulting in a serious nerve condition. His last interview was conducted in 1980 and he never allowed his famous novel The Catcher and the Rye to be made a movie. Holden Caufield became the symbol for a generation of dissatisfied youth. |
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James Thurber |
is most known for witty short stories and lumpy cartoons, which appeared in the New Yorker. "The Secret Life of Walter Mitty", the tale of a henpecked husband who escapes into heroic daydreams is ne of his best. Thurber's absurdist cartoons featured men, women, dogs, and other strange animals. |
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Kurt Vonnegut |
His works such as Cat's Cradle (1963), Slaughterhouse-Five (1969), and Breakfast of Champions (1973) blend satire, gallows humor, and science fiction. satirical novelist, was a soldier and prisoner during WWII. Slaughterhouse Five which depicts a soldier during WWII who experiences time travel. Science fiction, used this genre to write black comedy. Humanist believed in the value and dignity of all humans. |
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Maya Angelo |
writes novels that are part autobiography, part picaresque fiction, and part social history. Central characters strong black woman. I Know Why the caged Bird Sings, grandmothers religious influences and mother's blues tradition. Other women, teaches her to speak again after her rape. |
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James Baldwin |
autobiographical novels abut experiences growing up in Harlem. Baldwin became a preacher like his father, but felt that writing would better detail the struggles of growing up poor in a racist society. Go Tell it on The Mountain is an autobiographical work about growing up in Harlem. Baldwin was a critical force in the Civil Rights Movement writing about black identity and racial struggle in The Fire Next Time. |
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Gwendolyn Brooks |
was the first black female poet to win the Pulitzer Prize for her poem We Real Cool. Her work in the 1970's Riot and Family Pictures focused on racial harmony, but her later works Beckonings and To Disembark, demonstrated disappointment due to conflict between members of the civil rights and black militant groups. |
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Ralph Ellison |
is most well known for the Invisible Man whose theme demonstrates that society willfully ignores blacks, and his collection of poems about critical social and political essays, Shadow and Act. |
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Toni Morrison |
is the first black women to receive the Nobel Prize for Literature Morrisons, novels, which include Sula, Beloved, The Bluest Eye, and Song of Solomon, combine fantasy, ghosts, and what she calls "rememory" or the recurrence of past events to elaborate the horrors of slavery and the struggles of African Americans after being freed. |
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Alice Walker |
"The Color Purple" which won her the Pulitzer prize. Her novels focused on poor oppressed black women in early 1900s. One of her most widely read short stories is everyday use tells the story of two daughters' conflicting ideas about heritage.Racism and sexism themes. Wrote the Color Purple. |
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Richard wright |
Much of his literature concerns racial themes, especially those involving the plight of African Americans during the late 19th to mid-20th centuries. was one of the first black writers to attain both fame and fortune. Black boy is an autobiography that recounts his childhood, growing up poor in racist Mississippi, and his struggle for individualism. American Hunger tells of his dillusionments with the communist party. Wrote more than 4000 Haikus. |
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Amy Tan |
Novels[edit] * The Joy Luck Club (1989)* The Kitchen God's Wife (1991) * The Hundred Secret Senses (1995) * The Bonesetter's Daughter (2000) * Saving Fish from Drowning (2005) * Rules for Virgins (2012) * The Valley of Amazement (2013) (born February 19, 1952) is an American writer whose works explore mother-daughter relationships.Wrote The Kitchen God's Wife in which she chronicles the harrowing early life of her mother, Daisy who escaped the turmoil of the Chinese Civil War and the 1949 Communist takeover, to come to America. Her most famous book The Joy Luck Club depicts the lives of four Chinese American immigrant families who start, playing the Chinese game of Mahjong for money. |
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Saul Bellow |
Jewish life and identity is a major theme in Bellow's work, although he bristled at being called a "Jewish writer." Bellow's work also shows a great appreciation of America, and a fascination with the uniqueness and vibrancy of the American experience. was a Canadian born novelist who received the Nobel Prize for Literature for his works Herzog and Seize the Day. Urban Jews struggling to find spirituality and comfort in a racist and alienating society. In the words of the Swedish Nobel Committee, his writing exhibited "the mixture of rich picaresque novel and subtle analysis of our culture, of entertaining adventure, drastic and tragic episodes in quick succession interspersed with philosophic conversation, all developed by a commentator with a witty tongue and penetrating insight into the outer and inner complications that drive us to act, or prevent us from acting, and that can be called the dilemma of our age."[4] |
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Bernard Malamud |
was a master of parables and myths. His best work The Natural is based on ballplayer Eddie Waitkus who tries t make a comeback after being shot by an insane serial killer. Malamud’s fiction touches lightly upon mythic elements and explores themes like isolation, class, and the conflict between bourgeois and artistic values. Writing in the second half of the twentieth century, Malamud was well aware of the social problems of his day: rootlessness, infidelity, abuse, divorce, and more. But he also depicted love as redemptive and sacrifice as uplifting. In his writings, success often depends on cooperation between antagonists. For example, in "The Mourners" landlord and tenant learn from each other's anguish. In "The Magic Barrel", the matchmaker worries about his "fallen" daughter, while the daughter and the rabbinic student are drawn together by their need for love and salvation.[7] |
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Elie Wiesel |
is a Holocaust survivor who has authored almost 40 works that's address Judaism, the Holocaust, racism, hatred, and genocide. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize and the Congressional Gold medal. Night, read widely in high schools across the nation, is a memoir that depicts struggle and guilt of having been the only one in his family to survive the Holocaust. |
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Julia Alvarez |
Many of Alvarez’s works are influenced by her experiences as a Dominican in the United States, and focus heavily on issues of assimilation and identity. was born in New York City, returned to her native Dominican Republic during the Trujillo dictatorship in the early 50s. She returned to the U.S. in 1960. How the Garcia girls lost Their Accents describes the difficulties of learning American English and being called a spic at school. The text is told in reverse chronological order and narrated from shifting perspectives, beginning with her four sisters' adult lives and moving to their childhood. |
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Sandra Cisneros |
is a Mexican American writer born in Chicago. Her family constantly moved between Mexico and the U.S. giving her the sense that she never belonged to either culture. Her stories reveal the misogyny present in both these cultures. The House on Mango Street told in a series of vignettes is a novel about a young girl, Esperanza, growing up in Latino section of Chicago and coming into her own. |
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Louise Erdrich |
is a member of the Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa. She was very close with her extended family, which had a tradition of storytelling . Her collection of short stories Love medicine features characters and speakers from four Anishinaabe families that are represented in non-hierarchal terms by employing speakers of various ages and stations within the community. |
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N. Scott Momaday |
Momaday is considered the founding author in what critic Kenneth Lincoln has termed the Native American Renaissance.is a Kiowa Native American who grew up on the reservations and pueblos of the Southwest, far from centers of learning and letters. In 1969 he won the Pulitzer Prize for fiction for House made of Dawn, semi-autobiographical account of his life at Jemez Pueblo. His main character Abel returns to his New Mexico reservation after fighting in WWII and struggles in readapt t what was once his home. |
