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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Allegory
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as symbolic narrative
-A Doll's House narrative displays women's rights |
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Allusion
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an implied or indirect reference to a person event or thing or to a part of another text
-"Catcher in the Rye" refers to Robert Burns' Poem |
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Anti-hero
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a protagonist who lacks heroic qualities
-Brutus: main character that is a murderer |
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Antonomasia
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a figure of speech where the proper name is replaced with an *epithet
-The King for Elvis Presley |
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Archetype
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an ideal example of a typical or original model after which other things are patterned
-Shakespeare's literature |
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Bildungsroman
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a novel that follows the protagonist from childhood to adulthood through a difficult journey to find one's true self
-Siddhartha |
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Characterization
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the author's expression of a character's personality through the use of action, dialogue, thought, or commentary by the author or another character. -Direct: pointed description of a character -Indirect: use of action, thought, or dialogue of a character
-Siddhartha: described as hardworking through his actions he takes to become enlightened |
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Graphic Novel
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a novel whose narrative is related through a combination of text and art, often in comic strip form
-Percepolis |
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Doppelganger
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a mysterious double of a living person
-Siddhartha and Buddha |
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Anachronism
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Something that is not correct in a historical context or a person out of place during a particular period
-ex. In Shakespeare's Julius Caesar; Brutus: Peace! Count the clock. Cassius: The clock has stricken three (Act II, scene i, lines 193-94). |
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Apostrophe
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Addressing someone, something, or an abstraction that is dead or absent
-ex. John Donne commands, "Oh, Death, be not proud." |
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Aside
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Words spoken that are not intended for others to hear (drama)
-ex. When Juliet discusses her love for Romeo, on the balcony, and she does not know he is listening. |
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Bard
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A poet (Shakespeare)
-ex. Shakespeare, and or Emily Dickenson |
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Conceit
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An extended metaphor that is elaborate and often exaggerated
-ex. Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, the scene when Romeo and Juliet meet, and he compares her to a pilgrim. |
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Classicism
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The principles, ideals, or styles characteristic of the literature and art of ancient Rome and Greece
-Shakespeare's Julius Cearsar. |
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Epithet
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A term used to characterize a person or thing, such as rosy-fingered in rosy-fingered dawn or the Great in Catherine the Great; a term used as a descriptive substitute for the name or title of a person,
-ex. The King which is Elvis Presley |
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Foil
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A character that provides a contrast to the protagonist
-ex. Mecrutio and Romeo |
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Occupatio
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A rhetorical device where the speaker emphasizes something while pretending to pass over it
-ex. ‘I will not mention the time when...’ by Chaucer in the Canterberry Tales. |
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Antistrophe
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An ancient Greek chorus’s reply to the strophe (left to right)
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Chorus
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Group of actors that perform and serve as major participants in, commentators on, or as a supplement to the main action of the drama
-ex. Their leader is the choragos. Sophocles' Antigone and Oedipus the King both contain an explicit chorus with a choragos. |
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Canon
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Works of literary authors that are regarded as authentic by scholars and are recognized by authority
-ex. Gilgamesh |
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Drama
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genre of literature that is meant to be performed on stage
-ex. Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare |
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Deus Ex Machina
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In ancient Roman or Greek drama, the entrance of a god to resolve the story and end the performance
-ex. Evan Almighty |
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Ethos
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Moral element that drives a character, not thought or emotion
-ex. Julius Caesar, from Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare, was a very noble and moral character. |
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Hubris
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excessive pride or arrogance
-ex. Sometimes Caesar showed Hubris in Rome and was very passionate towards his country and duty. |
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Logos
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Logical element that drives a character, not morality or emotion
-ex. Mark Antony bases many of his action in Julius Caesar off of logic. |
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Pathos
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Emotional element that drives a character, not thought or morality
-ex. Portia was a very emotional character from Julius Caesar, and she ends up killing herslef |
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Satyr Plays
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Genre of ancient Greek drama that preserves the structure and characters of tragedy while adopting a happy atmosphere and a rural background, introduced at the Dionysian festival in ancient Greece.
-Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare |
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Strophe
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The part of an ancient Greek choral ode sung by the chorus (right to left)
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Trilogy
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A series of three complete and usually related tragedies performed at the festival of Dionysus
-Lord of the Rings |
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Colloquialism
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a local or regional dialect expression
-ex. ya'll or what's up |
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Exposition
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a setting forth of the meaning or purpose (as of a writing), a discourse or an example of it designed to convey information or explain what is difficult to understand, the first part of a musical composition in Sonata form which thematic material of the movement is presented, the opening section of fugue, a public exhibition or show
- ex. opening scene of Julius Caesar |
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Point of View
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vantage point from where the other presents the story
-first person: narrater is a participant "I" -third person: point of view is a form of story telling in which a narrator relates all action in third person, using third person pronouns as "he" "she" |
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Hyperbole
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extreme exaggeration
-This will take forever |
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Genre
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a class or category of artistic endeavor having a particular form, content, technique
-ex. fiction |
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Diction
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an author’s choice of words in a literary work
ex. To Kill a Mocking Bird "Ain't everybody's daddy the deadest shot in Maycomb county." |
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Idiom
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Expression with unpredictable meaning, often particular to a people (e.g. kick the bucket)
ex. A Blessing in Disguise |
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In Medias Res
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In the middle of things (action, scene, etc.)
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Interior Monologue
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Inner thoughts of a character
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Irony
-Verbal Irony -Irony of a Situation -Dramatic Irony |
Irony is the contrast between what is expected or what appears to be and what actually is
-The contrast between what is said and what is actually meant. -This refers to a happening that is the opposite of what is expected or intended. -This occurs when the audience or reader knows more than the characters know. |
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Frame Narrative
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A story with another story embedded in it
ex. The Notebook |
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Metaphor
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A figure of speech that involves an implied comparison between two relatively unlike things using a form of be. The comparison is not announced by like or as.
ex. you are the light in my life |
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Simile
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A figure of speech that involves a direct comparison between two unlike things, usually with the words like or as.
ex. The dog is as big as a horse. |
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Paradox
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A statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory or absurd but in reality expresses a possible truth
ex. "I must be cruel to be kind" Shakespeare Hamlet |
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Realism
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Theory of writing in which the ordinary, familiar, or everyday aspects of life are represented in a straightforward or matter-of-fact manner that is supposed to reflect life as it actually is, usually the middle or lower classes are represented
ex. The Kite Runner or Crime and Punishment or A Doll's House |
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Plot
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All fiction is based on conflict and this conflict is presented in a structured format called plot
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Exposition
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The introductory material that gives the setting, creates the tone, presents the characters, and presents other facts necessary to understanding the story
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Foreshadowing
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The use of hints or clues to suggest what will happen later in the story.
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Inciting Force
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The event or character that triggers the conflict.
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Conflict
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The essence of fiction. It creates plot. The conflicts we encounter can usually be identified as one of four kinds. (Man versus…Man, Nature, Society, or Self)
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Rising Action
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A series of events that builds from the conflict. It begins with the inciting force and ends with the climax.
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Crisis
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The conflict reaches a turning point. At this point the opposing forces in the story meet and the conflict becomes most intense. The crisis occurs before or at the same time as the climax.
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Climax
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The climax is the result of the crisis. It is the high point of the story for the reader. Frequently, it is the moment of the highest interest and greatest emotion. The point at which the outcome of the conflict can be predicted.
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Falling Action
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The events after the climax that close the story.
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Resolution (Denouement)
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Rounds out and concludes the action.
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Magical Realism
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Form of literature where both reliable, realistic elements and fantastic elements are found together
ex. A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings |
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Motif
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A recurring object, concept, or structure in a work of literature and often supports the theme(s)
ex. color yellow in Crime and Punishment ex. foreshadowing |
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Oxymoron
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Incongruous figure of speech (e.g. deafening silence)
ex. Jumbo Shrimp |
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Symbol
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Related to imagery, it is something that is itself yet stands for or means something else. It tends to be more singular, a bit more fixed than imagery.
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Symbolism
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A person, place or object that has a meaning in itself but suggests other meanings as well Things, characters and actions can be symbols. Anything that suggests a meaning beyond the obvious.
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Metonomy
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A figure of speech that replaces the name of one thing with another that is closely related
ex. The White House=President |
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Syntax
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The sequence in which words are put together to form sentences
ex."The young man carries the lady." "The lady carries the young man." |
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Tone
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Suggests an attitude toward the subject that is communicated by the words the author chooses - designates the mood and impact of a work
ex. In Cold Blood has a very melancholy tone. |
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Muse
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A source of Inspiration for a writer or poet
ex. Capote was inspired by the actual reading of the murder of the Clutter family in the newspaper. |
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Spoonerism
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The transposition of initial or other sounds of words, usually by accident
ex. blushing crow or crushing blow, tease my ears or ease my tears |
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Neologism
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A newly invented word or phrase just introduced into a language
ex. Bromance |
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Theme
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The main idea or underlying meaning of a literary work. A theme may be stated or implied. Not every literary work has a theme.
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Theme 1
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1. Themes are expressed and emphasized by the way the author makes us feel. By sharing feelings of the main character you also share the ideas that go through
his or her mind. |
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Theme 2
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2. Themes are presented in thoughts and conversations. Authors put words in their character’s mouths only for good reasons. One of these is to develop a story’s themes.
The things a person says are much on their mind. Look for thoughts that are repeated throughout the story. |
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Theme 3
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3. Themes are suggested through the characters. The main character usually illustrates the most important theme of the story. A good way to get at this theme is to ask
yourself the question, what does the main character learn in the course of the story? |
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Theme 4
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4. The actions or events in the story are used to suggest theme. People naturally express ideas and feelings through their actions. One thing authors think about is what an
action will say. In other words, how will the action express an idea or theme? |
