English 4 Mid-Term Review

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an original model or pattern from which other later copies are made, especially a character, an action, or situation that seems to represent common patterns of human life. Often, archetypes include a symbol, a theme, a setting, or a character that some critics think have a common meaning in an entire culture, or even the entire human race

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Archetype

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a reference in a literary work to a person, place, or thing in history or another work of literature. Allusions are often indirect or brief references to well-known characters or events

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Allusion

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a pattern of sound that includes the repetition of consonant sounds. The repetition can be located at the beginning of successive words or inside the words

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Alliteration

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is the act of addressing some abstraction or personification that is not physically present. An apostrophe is an example of a rhetorical trope.

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Apostrophe

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the opposition between two characters (such as a protagonist and an antagonist), between two large groups of people, or between the protagonist and a larger problem such as forces of nature, ideas, public mores, and so on. Conflict may also be completely internal, such as the protagonist struggling with his psychological tendencies (drug addiction, self-destructive behavior, and so on)

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Conflict

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two lines--the second line immediately following the first--of the same metrical length that end in a rhyme to form a complete unit

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Couplet

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choice of words especially with regard to correctness, clearness, or effectiveness

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Diction

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the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive expression for one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant

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Euphemism

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an extravagant exaggeration

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Hyperbole

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product of image makers, the art of making images. Appeals to the five senses (sight, smell, hear, taste, and touch) of the reader to make inferences

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Imagery

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a literary term referring to how a person, situation, statement, or circumstance is not as it would actually seem

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Irony

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type of figurative language in which a statement is made that says that one thing is something else but, literally, it is not

a figure of speech in which a word or phrase literally denoting one kind of object/idea is used in place of another to suggest a likeness or analogy between them.

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Metaphor

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a conscious state of mind/predominat emotion; the expression of mood in art or literature

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Mood

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a recurring object, concept, or structure in a work of literature

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Motif

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a group or set of eight

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Octet

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a comination of contradictory or incongruous words; Using contradiction in a manner that oddly makes sense

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Oxymoron

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one (as a person, situation, or action) having seemingly contradictory qualities/phases

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Paradox

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a way the events of a story are conveyed to the reader, it is the “vantage point” from which the narrative is passed from author to the reader

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Perspective

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repetition of an identical or similarly accented sound or sounds in a work

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Rhyme

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a stanza or poem of six lines; specifically: last six lines of an Italian sonnet

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Sestet

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to change gears, focus, or direction

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Shift

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a figure of speech comparing two unlike things that is often introduced by like or as

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Simile

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a sonnet is a distinctive poetic style that uses system or pattern of metrical structure and verse composition usually consisting of fourteen lines. There are two main styles of sonnet, the Italian sonnet and the English sonnet.

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Sonnet

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a division of a poem consisting of a series of lines arranged together in a usually recurring pattern of meter/rhyme

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Stanza

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the study of mechanics

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Semantics

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the way in which linguistic elements (as words) are put together to form constituents (as phrases or clauses)

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Syntax

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accent or inflection expressive of a mood/expression, pitch of a word used to edpress differences of meaning

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Tone

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unusual word meaning

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Trope

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unusual word choice and deals with the pattern of words

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Schemes

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to place side by side and compare

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Juxtapose