English 216 Final Uw-Mad

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free indirect discourse

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a style of third-person narration which combines some of the characteristics of third-person report with first-person direct speech.

IE: "He laid down his bundle and thought of his misfortune. And just what pleasure had he found, since he came into this world?" (no "he said," or "he thought").

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free indirect discourse examples

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Joseph Conrad (The Secret Agent) & Henry James (The Turn of the Screw)

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The Secret Agent

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Joseph Conrad

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The Turn of the Screw

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Henry James

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Dulce Et Decorum Est

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Wilfred Owen

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"The Lake Isle of Innisfree"

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W.B. Yeats

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"Easter 1916"

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W.B. Yeats

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"The Second Coming"

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W.B. Yeats

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"Leda and the Swan"

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W.B. Yeats

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"Lapis Lazuli"

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W.B. Yeats

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"The Circus Animals' Desertion"

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W.B. Yeats

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"The Dolls Museum in Dublin"

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Eavan Boland

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"Jeeves Takes Charge"

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P.G. Wodehouse

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"The Mark on the Wall"

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Virginia Woolf

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"Modern Fiction"

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Virginia Woolf

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"Araby"

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James Joyce

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"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock"

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T.S. Eliot

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"Musée des Beaux Arts"

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W.H. Auden

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"The Shield of Achilles"

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W.H. Auden

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"Telephone Conversation"

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Wole Soyinka

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"Decolonising the Mind"

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Ngugi Wa Thiong'o

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"Commonwealth Literature Does Not Exist"

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Salman Rushdie

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"To Room Nineteen"

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Doris Lessing

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"Church Going"

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Philip Larkin

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"Talking in Bed"

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Philip Larkin

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"High Windows"

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Philip Larkin

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"Homage to a Government

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Philip Larkin

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"This Be the Verse"

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Philip Larkin

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"A Far Cry from Africa"

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Derek Walcott

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"Midsummer"

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Derek Walcott

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"Scholar and Gypsy"

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Anita Desai

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"The Real Inspector Hound"

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Tom Stoppard

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"The Remains of the Day"

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Kazuo Ishiguro

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"At the Auction of the Ruby Slippers"

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Salman Rushdie

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"The Courter"

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Salman Rushdie

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"A Distant Shore"

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Caryl Phillips

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Irony

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Highlights the difference between what is claimed and what is true, usually with a touch of the absurd.

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Examples of irony:

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The Secret Agent, how to end starvation: cannibalism

The Secret Agent, cab sequence, cabbie is raised above the world of his fares with a raised seat, but socially he is far beneath them.

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Antinomy

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Contradiction or opposition between two elements, such as rich/poor, male/female, etc.

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Examples of Antinomy

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"The Second Coming" by Yeats (?)

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Satire

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In satire, human or individual vices, follies, abuses, or shortcomings are held up to censure by means of ridicule, derision, irony, or other methods, ideally with the intent to bring about improvement.

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Examples of Satire:

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"The Importance of Being Earnest" - Oscar Wilde uses satire to ridicule marriage, love and the mentality of the Victorian aristocratic society.

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Double-consciousness

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The term is used to describe an individual whose identity is divided into several facets.

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Examples of double-consciousness

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Wole Soyinka, Salman Rushdie, Ishiguro

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stream of consciousness

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writing as a person would think, not necessarily coherently or logically, just writing anything that comes to mind

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examples of stream of consciousness

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The Mark on the Wall - Woolf

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examples of fragmentation

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series of interruptions as in "Mark on the Wall," to emphasize that life is not linear/symmetrical, and organization isn't necessarily pleasing to the eye

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hybridity

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Anything that is a combination of two or more things.

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examples of hybridity

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Woolf - "The Mark on the Wall" mixes drama & fiction (genre)

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self-reflexivity

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draw attention to the way it's made - emphasis on its creation, "breaking the fourth wall"

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fragmentation

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The formal and thematic breaking apart of clear chronological succession (as in narrative) and/or a singular, clear image.

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bricolage

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Combination of things that already exist, using pop culture references or taking pieces from existing literature.

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examples of bricolage

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Salman Rushdie in "The Auction of the Ruby Slippers"

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collage?

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putting seemingly disparate parts/images next to each other to make something new