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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Three types of register |
Formal, mixed, informal’fanc |
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Fancy Words Term |
Elevated Lexis |
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Five main purposes of speech (some lang theorists) |
Referential- providing info. Expressive- express feeling. Transactional- get something done. Interactions- develop relationships. Phatic- ‘small talk’ |
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Unmarked Plurality |
I live three mile away |
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Double negation |
Double negatives |
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Non standard negation |
‘ain’t’ |
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First person plural for first person singular |
‘Us’ instead of ‘me’ |
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Double superlative |
Most best |
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Double comparative |
More faster |
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Adjective in place of adverb |
He ran quick |
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He went up the park |
He went up the oark |
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None agreement if subject and Verb |
I were going |
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Non standard demonstrative pronoun |
Look at them trees |
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Non standard possessive determiner |
Where’s me book gone? |
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Non standard second person plural |
‘Youse’ |
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Double subject |
I’m always in time, me |
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Omission of definite articke |
He went to park |
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Openings |
Greeting |
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Negative Face |
Our need to not feel our freedoms are imposed on or threatened. ‘Negative Politeness strategies’ don’t threaten people’s freedom of action. |
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Face Threatening Acts |
Have the potential to threaten one’s negative or positive face. E.g could make someone not like or feel they have no choice |
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Turn Taking Methods |
Pause, gestures, natural social queues |
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Types of Overlaps |
Co-operative overlapping- agreement or encouragement Competitive Overlapping- show dominance or disagreement Terminal overlapping- begins utterance before other person has finished as they know they’re about to finish |
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Adjacency pairs (+ types) |
Pairs that fit together e.g Q&A Apology & acceptance Invitation & acceptance Invitation & refusal Greeting & greeting |
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Feedback types |
Verbal responses- ‘absolutely’ Back channelling- ‘ooo, mhm’ Non verbal responses- ‘nodding’
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Closings |
E.g Bye |
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Non Fluency Features |
Fillers, pauses, repetitions, False starts (abandoning what’s said and starting again) |
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Face Theory origins: who? when? what? |
Developed by Goffman in 1950s ‘Face’ similar to self-esteem. Can be ‘saved’ or ‘lost’ |
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Face theory developed: who? when? what? |
Brown and Levinson 1980s Came up with ‘positive’ and ‘negative’ face. |
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Positive Face |
Our need to be liked/ admired. Using ‘politeness strategies’ to make others feel good about themselves |
