Engineering

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Toughness

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Toughness is the ability ofa material to absorb energy and plastically deform without fracturing. Onedefinition of material toughness is the amount of energy per volume that amaterial can absorb before rupturing. It is also defined as the resistance tofracture of a material when stressed.

Front 2

Malleability

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Malleability, a similarproperty, is a material's ability to deform under compressive stress; this isoften characterized by the material's ability to form a thin sheet by hammeringor rolling. Both of these mechanical properties are aspects of plasticity, theextent to which a solid material can be plastically deformed without fracture.

Front 3

Corrosion

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Corrosion is the gradualdestruction of materials, usually metals, by chemical reaction with itsenvironment. In the most common use of the word, this means electrochemicaloxidation of metals in reaction with an oxidant such as oxygen. Rusting, theformation of iron oxides is a well-known example of electrochemical corrosion.This type of damage typically produces oxide(s) or salt(s) of the originalmetal. ck.netFj

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Strength

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Strength is the ability of a material towithstand applied loads without failure. Strength varies according to the typeof load, tensile, compressive, shear or torsional.

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Compression

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Front 6

Tension

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Front 7

Torsion

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Front 8

Bending

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Front 9

Friction definition

Back 9

Resistance to motion between two bodies in contact

Front 10

Types of levers

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Front 11

What is the difference between pure metals and alloys?

Back 11

metalspure element, alloy are two or more

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thermosets

Back 12

Thermosetting has interconnecting chains each molecularjoint

These polymers cannot bere-softened by heating. Once they are formed, heat cannot reshape them. Thermo sets often have a stronger networkstructure resulting in better rigidity and less elasticity than thethermoplastics. During polymerisation covalent bonds form along the chains andalso across it. The result is a rigid structure that cannot be softened, sincethe energy required to break the covalent bonds would burn the material.

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Thermosoftening

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Thermosoftening doesn’t have any interconnecting joints

These polymers can bere-softened by the application of heat, and on cooling will re-harden again.They usually have simple addition structures, with covalent bonds forming thepolymer chains but only weak secondary bonds (van der Waal's forces ) betweenthe chains. By applying heat the weak secondary bonds breakallowing the polymer to become viscous.

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How changethe mechanical properties of steel by hardening and temperings.

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Steel is ametal alloy, a combination of two elements, iron and carbon. Steel with a lowcarbon content has the same properties as iron, soft but easily formed. Ascarbon content rises the metal becomes harder and stronger but less ductile.Varying the amount of carbon and its distribution in the alloy controlsqualities such as the hardness, elasticity, ductility, and tensile strength ofthe resulting steel. Steel with increased carbon content can be made harder andstronger than iron, but is also more brittle.

Front 15

Force of friction

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Forceof friction = coefficient of friction x normal reaction force steelFMj

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Engineering inovation

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-Societal and environmental impact, list three points foreach. Societal influences do it in dot points (engineering innovation)