Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Transportation Engineering
|
the application of technology and scientific priciples to the palanning, functional design, operations, and management of facilities for any mode of transportation in order to proviede safe, rapidm comfortablem convenient, economicalm and environmentally compatible movement of people and goods.
|
|
|
Parts of the transportation system
|
1.Physical facilities
2.Fleets 3.Operating bases 4.Organixations 5.Operating strategies |
|
|
Physical facilities ex.
|
Highways, roads, airports, railroads, ports
|
|
|
Fleets, ex.
|
Vehicals, ships, boats, aircraft
|
|
|
Operating bases, ex.
|
Maintenance faacilities, garages, office space
|
|
|
Organixations, ex.
|
Government, manufacturers, carriers, construction
|
|
|
Operating strategies, ex.
|
Routing, scheduling, traffic control, security
|
|
|
Issues in transportation engineering (9)
|
.Traffic congestion
.traffic safety .Construction principles and standards .Equality of access and impacts .Energy and environment .use of new technology .Homeland security .Funding .Institutional arrangements |
|
|
Traffic congestion results from:
|
.mismatch in supply and demand
.Peak effects .Land use issues (sprawl) .Lack of model options |
|
|
How are speed, density, and flow related
|
E1 p.5
|
|
|
How many deaths are caused by vehicle crashes every year
|
about 42.6 thousand
|
|
|
what percent of fatal vehical crashes are alcohol related
|
40%
|
|
|
what are the major types of fatal vehicle crashes
|
Road departure:25,136
Intersection-related:9213 pedestrian:4749 |
|
|
Transportation Justice
|
Equal access to and impacts from transportation systems
|
|
|
Where does transportation funding come from
|
.Federal aid
.State and local .Politics and deficits |
|
|
technologists
|
apply science and mathematicss to well-defined problems that generally do not require the depth of knowledge possesse by engineers and scientists
|
|
|
technicians
|
generally supervised by engineers and scientists to accomplish specific tasks such as drafting, laoratory procedures, and model building.
|
|
|
Artisans
|
have the manual skills to construct devices specified by scientists engineers technologists and technicians
|
|
|
traits of professionals
|
.extensive intellectual training
.Pass qualifying exam .vital skills .monopoly .autonomy .code of ethics |
|
|
Etiquette
|
codes of behavior and courtesy
|
|
|
Moral Rights
|
rights that belong to all humans, regardless of whether these rights are recognized by the government
|
|
|
Ethics
|
consists of general and abstract concepts of right and wrong behavior.
|
|
|
ethical Sources of conflict
|
.Moral issues
.Conceptual issues .application issues .factual issues |
|
|
Ethical egoism
|
moral theory sstating that an act is moral provided you act inn your enlightened self-interest.
|
|
|
Utilitarianism
|
moral activities are those that create the most good for the most people. (benifits - harms)
|
|
|
Rights analysis
|
moral actions are those that equally respect each human being. (Golden rule)
|
|
|
common code guidelines
|
1.Protect the public safety, health, and welfare
2.Perform duties only in areas of competence 3.be truthful and objective 4.behave in an honorable and dignified manner 5.continue learning to sharpen technical skills 6.Provide honest hard work to employers or clients 7.Inform the proper authorities of harmful, dangerous, or illegal activities 8.Be involved with civic and community affairs 9.Protect the environment 10.Do not accept bribes 11.Protect confidential information of employer or client 12.avoid conflicts of interest |
|
|
Sources of environmental impacts
|
materials selection
manufacturing processes energy use |
|
|
Catalytic Converter
|
uses catalysts to convert hydrocarbons to CO2 and H2O
|
|
|
Virtue Ethics
|
.common sense ethics
.Encoureges good habits |
|
|
Pragmatism
|
.Emphasixes the limitations of abstract rules
.Emphasixes importance of flexibility |
|
|
Five fundamental canons
|
1.Hold paramount safety, health, welfare of public in performing duties
2.Work only in area of expertise 3.Speak only objectively and truthfully 4.Act as faithful agents of employers 5.Avoid deceptive acts in seeking work |
|
|
Stakeholder
|
entities who are affected by a particular process, situation or the like
|
|
|
process of stakeholder analysis
|
1.Identify who the stakeholders are
2.identify how their interests and how they might be affected 3.Weight or otherwise synthesize these effects (importance and magnitude) to reach a decision. |
|
|
Anthropocentrism
|
evaluating moral decisions exclusively in terms of human values.
|
|
|
Biocentrism
|
Evaluating moral decisions from the perspective that all of nature has value
|
|
|
Four major concerns of environmental ethics
|
.Intergenerational equity
.interspecific equity .sustainability .Environmental justice |
|
|
Front matter
|
Memo headers
Overview Purpose statement Summary |
|
|
3 parts of the Purpose Statemnent
|
.Organizational problem
.task .communication purpose |
|
|
Examples of what engineers write
|
.Propose projects to management or to clients
.write progress reports to managers .describe a product to coworkers or customers .write procedures and instructions .justify requests for funding to managers .Edit and review documents written by colleagues .design material for compputer screens |
|
|
Professional communication (writing) means:
|
.Aimed at a specific task or issue within an organization
.appeals to understanding(rather than imagination) .Readers need your information to: perform a task, answer a question, solve a problem, or make a decision |
|
|
Ethical issues in professional writing
|
.Citing sources
.Faithfulness to facts .Accountability to your team |
|
|
describe "Faithfulness to facts"
|
.Persuasion is not the same as selling
.Be accurate above all .Quantify where possible .Don't "Cherry-pick" facts to suit your biases .Watch for bias in sources |
|
|
describe Accountability to your team
|
.Everyone paricipates and is responsible
.If it goes out with your name on it, it is yours. |
|
|
Why document sources
|
.Ethics
.Efficiency (readers can assess a source for themselves) .Authority (claims are supported) |
|
|
In order to write pursuasively engineers need to be able to:
|
.Idenify the target audience of decision-makers
.make their purposes clear .make criteria for decisions clear and believable to audience .stae claims clearly .suppor those claims with arguments and evidence .anticipate and counter objections and side issues |
|
|
How to defend claims
|
.State claim upfront
.Have sound support .Define contorversial or ambiguous terms .put generalizations first then particulars .Put points in order of importance .consider opposing arguments .Remember economics,feasibility, safety & liability, and Quality |
|
|
Toulmin's account
|
Support a Claim, and provide Warrant for that support
|
|
|
Main body
|
1.Background
2.Discussion 3.Conclusion |
|
|
End Matter
|
.References
.Appendicies .Attachments |
|
|
Memo format (7)
|
.Team letterhead
.Memo headers .Block paragraphs .Section headings in bold .Tables and figures numbered .Page numbers at bottom after first page .Absolue consstency n style ad format throughout |
|
|
Summary
|
.Main clain: Findings, conclusions, and recomendations
.Significant details .Implicatios for the organization |
|
|
Profession
|
A calling requiring special knowledge and often long and intensixe academic preperation
|
|
|
Energy Sources
|
.Fossil fuels(coal, petroleum, natural gas)
.Natural sources (wind, solar, hydro, geothermal) .Nuclear fuel .Refuse .Biomass |
|
|
Transportation Demand modeling steps
|
1.Socio-economic and land use forcasts
2.Trip generation 3.Trip Distribution ~4.Mode Choice 5.Trip assignment |
|
|
Trip generation
|
how many trips
|
|
|
trip distribution
|
from where to where
|
|
|
mode choice
|
what mode - predicts spread of trips across available modes
|
|
|
Trip assignment
|
what route - assigns routes
|
|
|
List modes of travel by throughput
|
Walking, commuter trains
highways, roadways Buses |
|
|
How is energy efficiency and fuel consumption in a nateion related
|
directly
|
|
|
emmisions and effects
|
CO-Poisonous
CO2-greenhouse gas NOx-photochemical smog VOC's-smog |
|
|
Four major concerns of environmental egineering
|
1.Intergenerational ethics
2.Interspecific ethics 3.Sustainability 4.environmental justice (are certain groups disproportionally affected by environmental effects) |
