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112 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Solar Energy
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The sun releases radiant energy through the nuclear reaction of fusion.
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Advantages of solar energy?
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- It is a free renewable resource.
- It is available in large amounts anywhere in the world. |
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Disadvantages of solar energy?
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- The cost of solar panels & mirrors are very expensive.
- Cloudy days will decrease the amount of energy produced - Have to keep the panels & mirrors clean so dust& dirt will not build up on them because it will cut down sunlight |
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How does solar energy affect the environment?
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A large amount of space is needed for the many mirrors and panels needed.
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Present use of solar energy?
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- To heat water or space
- To produce electricity |
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What is a photovoltaic cell?
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Turns sunlight directly into electricity.
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What are the 4 types of fossil fuel?
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Petroleum, oil, coal and natural gas
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What is petroleum?
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Oil formed as marine plants and animals died and were buried under marine sediment. The pressure and heat from the movement of the plates formed the oil
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Advantages of Petroleum?
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- Easy to transport and store
- Burns cleaner than coal - Very easy to use and can be used anywhere |
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Disadvantages of Petroleum?
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- Oil is nonrenewable
- Someday we will run out - Countries can limit the amount they sell us - Oil drilling is expensive |
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Present Use of Petroleum?
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- Refined into gasoline and plastics
- For use of forms of transportation - Can be burned in furnace used to heat water |
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How does Petroleum affect the environment?
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- When oi is burned, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide are released in the air
- When you drill for oil you can have a spill which destroys habitags and kills living organism |
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Natural gas
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It is composed of methane gas that is given off when organic waste decays.
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Advantages of natural gas?
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- It is the cleanest fossil fuel
- Is easy to transport - Is easy to store |
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Disadvantages of natural gas?
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- Must be mined.
- Is the nonrenewable resource that can be the quickest to run out - Have to pressurize it to transport it |
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Present use of natural gas?
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- For home heating or electricity
- Can be used for some transportation |
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How does natural gas affect the ennvironment?
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- Methane gas can kill organisims if it leaks
- It can catch on fire and cause explosions - Causes air pollution |
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What is coal?
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It is formed from plant material that was compressed under sediments for millions of years.
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Advantages of coal?
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- The U.S. does not need to go the other countries for coal
- There is more coal in the world than oil or gas - Can be used easily anywhere |
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Disadvantages of coal?
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- It is found in underground mines and it is dangerous for miners because of cave-ins, explosiotns and falling rocks
- The coal dus can lead to death - Harder to transport than oil or gas |
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How does coal affect environment?
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- Can destroy the habitate
- Release carbon dioxide which may be inovled in Global Warming. |
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Electrostatic Precipator
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Used to trap fly ash
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Acid Rain/Precursor
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Form of air pollution in which airborne acids produced by electric utility plants fall to Earth in distant regions
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Scrubber
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Can remove the sulfer dioxide when coal is burned
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Strip mining
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Removing large amounts of rocks and soil
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Wind Power
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Using the movement of air to move a turbine which turns a generator
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Advantages of Wind power
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- Renewable Resource
- Free source of energy - Wind turbines don't cost a lot - Does not pollute |
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Disadvantags of Wind power
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- The wind is unpredictabl. If the wind is not moving enough then there is not any production of electricity
- Wind turbines are expensive |
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How does wind power affect environment?
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- The turbines take up sapce
- It is very noisy |
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Present uses of wind power?
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To generate electricty for homes that are mostly in the mid-west
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Geothermal Energy
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Using the earth's heat as a source of energy
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3 Types of Geothermal Energy
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Hydrothermal - Steam and Hot water
Geopressured - Hot salt with methane under high pressure Petrothermal - Hot rocks |
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Advantages of Geothermal Energy
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- It is an untapped energy resource
- Release little or no gases |
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Disadvantages of Geothermal energy
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- Salt may rust pipes and equipment
- Salt and minerals can poison surface water |
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Present uses of geothermal energy
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- Hot water near the earth's surface can be pumped direclty into buildings for heat
- Can grow plants in greenhouses - Can heat water for fish farming |
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Future uses of geothermal energy
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- Technology is being developed to use the heat of magma directly
- This energy source could supply the energy needed for the entire world for a very long time |
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Future use of coal
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Bottom Ash
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Ashes that stick to hot side walls of the furnace when coal is burned.
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Fly Ash
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Ashes that fly into the atmosphere when coal is burned
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Global Warming
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Measurable increases in the average temperature of Earth’s atmosphere, oceans, and landmasses
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BTU
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Amount of heat needed to raise 1 pound of water 1 degree fahrenheit
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Gigawatt
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Used by electric companies to measure their electrical output
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Ampere
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This unit measures the amount of electrons that pass through a wire per second
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Watt
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Power is mesured with this unit
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Kiolwatt Hour:
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Used at your home to measure your monthly electrical usage
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Volt
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Measure the forc pushing electrons through a circuit or wire
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Entropy
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A measure of disorder
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Quad
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The largest unit for measuring electrical use
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Renewable Resource
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Any natural resource that can replenish itself naturally over time
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Nonrenwable Resource
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Is a natural resource that exists that cannot be re-made, re-grown or regenerated as fast as it is consumed and used up
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Greenhouse Effect
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Certain gases in the atmosphere trap heat given from Earth’s surface, which insulates and warms the planet
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Greenhouse Gases
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Gases that absorbs radiation and contributes to the warming of the Earth's atmosphere by reflecting radiation from the Earth's surface
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Photosynthesis
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Is the process by which plants and some bacteria use the energy from sunlight to produce sugar
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Respiration
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Process of supplying oxygen to cells
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Transpiration
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Evaporation of water particles from plant surfaces, especially on leaves
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Decomposition
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The breaking down of a substance or compound, through a chemical reaction, into its simpler components
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Thermal Pollution
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Increase in water temperature in streams, rivers, lakes, and coastal ocean waters caused by power plants
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Sludge
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Is the semi-solid material left from industrial, water treatment, or wastewater treatment processes
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Isotope
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1 or 2 or more species of atom having the same atomic number, but differing in mass number
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Seabrook
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Nuclear power plant in New Hampshire
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Chernobyl
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Nuclear Power plant in USSR
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Three Mile Island
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Nuclear Power Plant in Pennsylvania
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Yucca Mountain, Nevada
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This is where there is the first permanent underground place for neuclear waste
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U-235
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A uranium isotope with a mass number of 235
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Fish Ladder
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A series of pools so fish can swim up past a dam or other obstruction
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OPEC
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An international organization concerned with coordinating the crude-oil policies of its member states (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)
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Fisson
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Splitting of Atoms
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Fusion
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Combining of Atoms
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Reservoir
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Lake or tank used for storing water
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Generator
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A device that produces electricity
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Parts of a Generator
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Magnet: Produces lines of force
Coils of Copper Wire: Electricity is generated in the electric wire as it pases through the lines of force of the magnet |
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Condenser
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Takes steam and turns it back into water
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Import
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We bring in oil from other countries to power our power plants
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Power Plant
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A place where electricity is produced. Example: nuclear & hydropower plants
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Turbine
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A machine that has blades that turns on a shaft which rotates
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Boiler
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A device in which water is heated to a high temperature
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Steam
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Water heated so hot that it vaporizes
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Ancient Materials
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Oil was formed by the decay of plants and animals millions of years ago
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Reactor
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Electricity generating device in which heat is produced from radioactive material
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Uranium
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Most commonly used radioactive material in nuclear power plants
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Ozone
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A layer in the atmosphere that absorbs all of the sun's harmful ultraviolet light
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Electron
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Negatively charged paticle found in the outer shell of an atom
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Proton
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Positively charged particle found in the nucleus of the atom
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Neutron
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Non-electrically charged particle that is in the nucleus of the atom
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Photon
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Particle of light energy
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Penstock
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An enclosed pipe that delives water the hydraulic turbines
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Nuclear Power
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Production of electricity using radioactive elements
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Advantages of Nuclear Power
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- Does not directly pollute environment
- There is a large supply of nuclear fuel |
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Disadvantages of Nuclear Power
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- Provides fuel for terriorts to use in warfare
- Cost a lot to dispose of the nuclear waste |
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How does Nuclear Power affect the environment?
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- Radioactive wasts takes hundreds of years to break down
- Radioactivity can cause cancer |
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Present use of Nuclear Power
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- Used to power warships and submarines
- Used in Medicine |
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Hydropower
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Electic power produced by falling or fast flowing water
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Advantages of Hydropower
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- It is renewabl
- It's free - Very Efficient |
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Disadvantages of Hydropower
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- It costs a lot to build a hydropower plant
- Does not produce a lot of electricity |
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How does Hydropower affect the envirnoment?
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- Destroys habitate and wildlife
- Dams block the fish routes |
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Biomass
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Either wood, woody by-products or trash
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Advantages of Biomass
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- Renewable Energy source
- Inexpensive - Reduces amounts of material going into the the landfills |
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Disadvantages of Biomass
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- When trees are cut down it reduces the amount of availabe wood which increases the price of wood
- Trash burning produces dioxine which causes cancer |
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What are the evnvironmental affects of biomass?
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- Causes air pollution
- Cutting down trees decreases certain types of trees in the forest - Releases unpleasant odors |
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How much Nuclear fuel does the US and NH use?
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NH Nuclear Fuel: 58.3%
US Nuclear Fuel: 19.8% |
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How much Coal does the US and NH use?
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NH Coal: 23.3%
US Coal: 51.8% |
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How much Hydroelectricity does the US and NH use?
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NH and the US both use 7.2%
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What causes the organic matter from coal to turn into rock?
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Pressue and Heat
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Anthracite
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Is Hard Coal.
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What is Antrhacite made of?
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Mostly carbon. It burns the best but there is less of it.
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What is Bituminous?
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Is Soft Coal. There is more of this than Anthracite (hard coal, but doesn't burn well or is as clean
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What is bottom ash used for?
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Sandblasting and shingles
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What is fly ash used for?
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Cement and burned with new coal
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Sulfur dioxide
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This is released when coal is burned
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What is sulfur dioxide?
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An acid rain precursor
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Plants in NH that burn coal
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Schiller Station in Portsmouth and Merrimack Station in Bow
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The largest coal power plant in NH is
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Merrimack Station
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