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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The heart predominantly uses energy in the form of what?
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Fatty Acids
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Which transporter is used to transport glucose into the myocardiocyte?
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GLUT 4 (stimulated by insulin and ischemia)
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What does acetyl coA carboxylase-2 do?
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It converts acetyl coA to malonyl coA.
Malonyl coA then ihibis carnitine palmitoyl transferase-I (CPT-I) --> blocking fatty acyl CoA entry into the cell. |
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How is fatty acyl coa entry into muscle mitochondria regulated?
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Through energy levels. If energy decreases, it leads to an increase in AMP. If AMP goes up, then it activates AMP-PK. If AMP-PK is activated, it phosphorylates ACC-2 and inactivates it. Since ACC-2 is preventing fatty acyl coa entry into the cell, the inactivation will now allow entry.
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How do muscle cells store energy?
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They store high energy phosphate bonds in a form of creatine phosphate.
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Where does creatine synthesis start and end?
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Starts in the kidney
Ends in the liver |
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What are the precursor aa for creatine phosphate?
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Glycine
Arginine |
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Can we use creatine for energy?
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No, creatine isn't an "active" form of energy. It must be PHOSPHORYLATED (by ATP) to creatine phosphate.
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Which enzyme is used to phosphorylate creatine?
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Creatinephospho Kinase
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What is clinically useful of creatine kinase?
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We can measure serum CK to diagnose:
1) strokes 2) Heart attacks 3) Muscle disorders |
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How do muscle cells store energy?
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They store high energy phosphate bonds in a form of creatine phosphate.
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Where does creatine synthesis start and end?
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Starts in the kidney
Ends in the liver |
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What are the precursor aa for creatine phosphate?
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Glycine
Arginine |
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Can we use creatine for energy?
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No, creatine isn't an "active" form of energy. It must be PHOSPHORYLATED (by ATP) to creatine phosphate.
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Which enzyme is used to phosphorylate creatine?
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Creatinephospho Kinase
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What is clinically useful of creatine kinase?
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We can measure serum CK to diagnose:
1) strokes 2) Heart attacks 3) Muscle disorders |
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Creatine phosphate is unstable and cyclizes between itself and Creatinine. Which form is excreted in urine?
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creatinine
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What does measuring creatinine in the urine tell us?
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Tells us the body mass
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If we have a high amount of blood glucose and amino acids, what will the body do?
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It will package glucose into glycogen and metabolize amino acids. Energy from fatty acid oxidation is sufficient.
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When citrate leaves the mitochondria, this will eventually lead to what?
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Inhibition of fatty acid entry into cell (activates ACC2, Produces Malonyl CoA, inhibits CPT-1)
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What is one way to stimulate glycogenolysis?
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Epinephrine
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What is required in order for fats to e used?
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Carbohydrates
-prime source of pyruvate -pyruvate |
