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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1st law of thermodynamics |
Energy is not created or destroyed, it is only converted from one form to another |
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Overall energy Transfer |
Sun -> Radiant energy -> photosynthesis -> energy stored in biomolecules (O2+) -> respiration -> energy stored in biomolecules |
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Net Primary Production |
The amount of chemical energy produced by photosynthetic organisms that can be used by other organisms for energy |
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Humans consume about _-_% of the total amount of NPP |
30-40% |
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Humans as a species _% of the total heterotrophs |
0.5% |
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Kinetic energy |
Doing work, energy of motion |
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Potential |
Inactive or stored energy |
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Forms of energy |
Radiation, Electrical, Mechanical, Chemical |
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Radiant Energy travels in _ |
Light waves |
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Light waves are essential for |
Photosynthetic organisms |
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Electrical energy is the flow of |
Charged particles |
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Charged particles |
Nerve impulses are created by movement of Na+ and K+ ions |
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Mechanical energy is directly involved in moving _ |
Matter Ex: muscle contraction |
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Chemical Energy is potential energy stored in _ _ and is released when _ _ _ |
Chemical bonds and is released when bonds are broken. Ex: AT release from glucose |
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2nd law of thermodynamics |
Heat is a product of energy conversion |
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Heat is the _ energy contained in random _ _ _ |
Kinetic Random motion of molecules |
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Entropy is the _ of _ or _ |
Measure Disorder Randomness |
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Energy transformations increase the _ of the universe |
Entropy |
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To maintain low entropy, _ input of energy is needed |
Constant |
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Where do we get the energy to maintain low entropy |
From the chemical energy stored in food. |
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The chemical energy in food is released in cellular respiration to make _ in the _ |
ATP Mitochondria |
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Cells then use _ to drive all cell processes. |
ATP |
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What kind of biomolecule is ATP |
Nucleic Acid |
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ATP stands for |
Adenosine Triphosphate Chemical energy used by all cells |
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Energy from breaking one high energy phosphate bond = |
-7.3 kcal/mol |
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ATP is recycled from _ and _ through _ _ |
ADP Phosphate Cellular Respiration |
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ATP is used to drive different types of cell work by |
Giving them phosphate groups |
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ATP is used for |
Muscle contraction Active transport Impulse conduction (Enzymes for reactions) |
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What is metabolism |
Sum of all chemical reactions in the body at any given time |
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Metabolic reactions |
Catabolic Anabolic |
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Catabolic is the _ _ of molecules, and releases energy which is captured in the _ _ _ |
Breaking Down, bonds of ATP |
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Anabolic uses energy from _ to _ _ _ |
ATP Synthesize large molecules |
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Synthesis reaction (A+B -> AB) Atoms or molecules combine to form _ _ |
Larger molecules |
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Synthesis Reaction is |
Endergonic |
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Endergonic is energy that goes into |
Chemical bonds |
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Decomposition Reaction (AB -> A+B) is when _ molecules are broken down into _ molecules |
Larger Smaller |
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Decomposition is |
Exergonic |
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Exergonic is when |
Chemical Energy is released |
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Reversible Reaction ( A+B <--> C +D) chemical reaction that can _ in _ direction |
Proceed Either |
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Reversible Reaction is when the direction of the reaction is _ to _ of the _ and _ |
Correlated Concentration Reactants Products |
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Few metabolic reactions occur without the _ of _ _ called _ |
Assistance of specialized proteins called enzymes |
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Enzymes are _ molecules that speed up the rate of _ _ (_ _ ) by increasing the movement of _ |
Protein Chemical Reactions (Biological Catalyst) Molecules |
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Activation Energy is the energy required to trigger the _ _ without _ |
Chemical reaction Enzymes |
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Enzymes lower the _ _ |
Activation Energy |
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Each enzyme binds a specific _ _ (substrate) at its _ _ |
Reactant Molecule Active Site |
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Induced Fit - _ slightly changes _ to make fit more _ |
Enzyme Shape Snugg |
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After the reactants are _ the products are released |
Converted |
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Each enzyme is very _ it _ specific reactions |
Selective Catalyzes |
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Each enzyme recognizes _ substrate |
Specific |
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Enzymes can be _ over and over again |
Reused |
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Concentration is a _ or _ and it will increase the _ |
Substrate or enzyme Rate |
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Saturation - at some subsrate the _ _ on all enzymes are _ and has reached saturation |
Active Sites Engaged |
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Protein synthesis occurs to produce more |
Enzymes |
