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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Definition of energy |
Energy is the capacity to do work |
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Chemical energy |
Chemical energy comes from atoms and molecules, and the reactions between them |
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Electrical energy |
Electrical energy is energy that is generated by the movement of electrons |
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Gravitational energy |
Energy created by the pull between large objects |
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Kinetic energy |
Kinetic energy is motion. Anything that moves has energy |
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Nuclear energy |
Nuclear energy is energy that is generated by splitting atoms |
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Potential energy |
Potential energy is energy that is stored, like a fully compressed spring or a rock on the edge of a cliff |
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Law of conservation of energy |
Energy is never created or destroyed, but rather converted from one form to another (eg, chemical energy in food is converted to kinetic energy when we move) |
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Non-renewable energy |
Energy that can never be replenished (eg, energy from burning oil or coal) |
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Formula fit kinetic energy |
Kinetic energy =1/2*m*v^2 |
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Formula for potential energy |
Potential energy=m*g*height, where G is the gravitational constant (9.8) |
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Work |
Work is the energy required to move an object a certain distance |
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Formula for work |
Work=force *displacement. Thus, it is the result of two vector quantities, curve and distance, and is zero if the object returns to the same place. Nevertheless, force itself is a scalar quantity |
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Definition of power |
Power is the rate at which energy is used |
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Formula for power |
1. Power=work/time 2. Power=force *velocity 3. Powet =current*voltage (in electricity) |
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Formula for momentum |
Momentum=mass *velocity. Momentum is a vector quantity. |
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Momentum and collisions |
Because of the law of conservation of energy, the momentum of two colliding objects is maintained. It may be transferred between one object and another, but the total momentum remains the same |
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Pressure |
Pressure is the amount of curve over the area. Pressure=force/area. |
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Air pressure |
Air pressure is the amount of force exerted by the atmosphere. The is less pressure at a higher altitude because there is less air pushing down |
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Effect of pressure on boiling point |
The lower the pressure, the lower the temperature required to reach billing point |
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Generation of heat |
Heat is generated when two objects with different temperatures touch each other. The molecules of the hot one move slower, and the molecules of the cold one move faster, until am equilibrium is reached. |
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Effect of heat on size |
As an object becomes hotter, it expands. As it becomes colder, it gets smaller. |
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Temperature |
Temperature is the average kinetic energy of the molecules of an object. |
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Difference between heat , temperature and thermal energy |
1. Heat is the transfer of energy from one object to another until equilibrium is reached. 2. Temperature is a measure of the kinetic energy of an object at a given point. It is independent of size 3. Thermal energy is the total kinetic energy of the molecules of an object. Unlike temperature, the size of the object has an effect. |
