Ends 149 Test 3

Front 1

Rome, Sta. Costanza ca. A.D. 350 (fig. 4-10)
mausoleum (singular), mausolea (plural)
composite column
ambulatory
central-plan church

Back 1

q

Front 2

Ravenna, Mausoleum of Galla Placida, A.D. 425 (colorplate 19)
mausoleum (singular), mausolea (plural)
blind arch
pendentive
dome

Back 2

Q

Front 3

Ravenna, Church of S. Apollinare Nuovo, A.D. 490 (colorplate 18)

Back 3

Q

Front 4

Ravenna, Church of S. Vitale, ca. 526-547

Back 4

Q

Front 5

Constantinople, Church of Haghia Sophia, 532-537, colorplate 21, Figs. 4-28 – 4-31
Justinian (emperor 527-565) and Theodora
Isidorus of Miletus and Anthemius of Tralles
central-plan church
pendentive
half-dome

Back 5

Q

Front 6

Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem, 691-692 (fig. 6-4)

Back 6

Q

Front 7

Great Mosque, Córdoba, Spain, 786 – 10 century (fig. 6-1, 6-7)
mosque
mihrab (niche indicating the direction of Mecca)
quibla (wall in which the mihrab is located, also direction of Mecca)
minaret (tower)
sahn (arcaded courtyard)
haram (covered prayer hall)
columnar hall mosque
lobed arches
stacked arches
petaled dome

Back 7

Q

Front 8

Mosque of Sultan Suleyman, Constantinople (Istanbul), 1550
central dome mosque
madrasa
caravanserai
Sinan (1490-1588)
Sultan Süleyman

Back 8

Q

Front 9

Aachen (Aix-la-Chapelle), Palatine Chapel, 796-805 (figs. 5-1, 2, 3, 4)
Charlemagne (Charles the Great, Carolus Magnus)
Holy Roman Empire
westwork
gallery

Back 9

Q

Front 10

Essen, Germany, Munster Cathedral, late 10th century (figs. 5-13, 14)

Back 10

Q

Front 11

St.-Sernin, Toulouse, France, 1080-1120 (figs. 5-29, 30, 31)
pilgrimage
relic/reliquary
radiating chapel

Back 11

Q

Front 12

Cathedral of St.-Lazare, Autun, France, ca. 1120-1130, (fig. 5-35)
Romanesque church portal
trumeau
jamb / jamb columns
lintel
voussoir
archivolt
tympanum
spandrel

Back 12

Q

Front 13

Milan, Italy, S. Ambrogio, 1080-1140 (figs, 5-43, 44)
rib vaults

Back 13

Q

Front 14

Pisa, Italy, Cathedral (begun 1063), (figs. 5-49-51)
marble arcade
polychrome marble revetment

Back 14

Q

Front 15

Caen, France. St. Étienne, 1068-1088 (figs. 5-54-55)
rib vaults
clustered wall shafts

Back 15

Q

Front 16

Durham, England. Cathedral, late 11th - 12th centuries (figs. 5-57. 58)
flying buttress

Back 16

Q

Front 17

Notre Dame, Laon c. 1160 (fig. 7-19),
arcade
gallery
triforium
clerestory
clustered wall shafts
pointed arch

Back 17

Q

Front 18

Notre Dame, Paris, begun 1163 (figs. 7-20, 21)
triple portal
rose window
lancet

Back 18

Q

Front 19

What are the features of a central-plan church and how do they develop from Roman mausolea?

Back 19

square central mass and four arms of equal length. The most distinctive feature was the domed roof

Front 20

mausoleum (singular), mausolea (plural)

Back 20

external free-standing building constructed as a monument enclosing the interment space or burial chamber of a deceased person or persons.

Front 21

composite column

Back 21

The composite order is a mixed order, combining the volutes of the Ionic order with the leaves of the Corinthian order. The composite volutes are larger, however, and the composite order also has echinus with egg-and-dart ornamentation between the volutes. The column of the composite order is ten diameters high.

Until the Renaissance, the composite was not ranked as a separate order. Instead it was considered as a late Roman form of the Corinthian order. The Arch of Titus, in the forum in Rome was built in 82 and is considered the first example of a Composite order.

Front 22

ambulatory

Back 22

Aisles that line the nave extend through the transept and continue in a half-circle that runs behind the apse.

Front 23

central-plan church

Back 23

square central mass and four arms of equal length. The most distinctive feature was the domed roof

Front 24

blind arch

Back 24

Arch built into a wall

Front 25

pendentive

Back 25

A triangular section of vaulting between the rim of a dome and each adjacent pair of the arches that support it.

Front 26

dome

Back 26

a dome

Front 27

How does the central-plan church compare to the basilica-plan church?

Back 27

basillica is rectangular, central-plan is circular.

Front 28

Why is Hagia Sophia considered to be an exemplary Byzantine church and one of the
most spectacular buildings in the world?

Back 28

In this one structural organism the Roman methods of construction are epitomized, modified and enriched by new aesthetic theories and realized in strikingly colorful materials and ornamental techniques.

Front 29

Justinian (emperor 527-565) and Theodora

Back 29

Hagia Sophia was designed under these guys.

Front 30

Isidorus of Miletus and Anthemius of Tralles

Back 30

Designed the Hagia Sophia

Front 31

half-dome

Back 31

half of a dome

Front 32

What are the principal architectural features of a mosque?

Back 32

The wall facing Mecca is called the qibla wall and is marked by a mihrab, which usually takes the form of a decorated niche. In later ages mihrabs became quite elaborate; they are decorated with wooden fretwork in Morocco, with carved and pierced marble in Syria and Iraq, and with lusterware tiles bearing quotations from the Qur'an in Iran.

A mosque usually includes a number of distinctive elements: a mimbar (or minbar), a pulpit that is entered by a flight of steps and stands next to the mihrab; a maqsura, an enclosed space around the mihrab, generally set apart by trellis screens, in which the caliph, sultan, or governor prays; a minaret, a tower, usually built at one or more corners of the mosque, from which the call to prayer is sounded; a sahn, a courtyard, surrounded by riwaqs, colonnaded or arcaded porticoes with wells or fountains for the necessary ablutions before prayer; and space for a madrasa, a school that often includes libraries and living quarters for teachers and pupils.

Front 33

What are the religious practices that influence mosque design and how can we see their impact?

Back 33

Call to prayer - Minaret
Place for many to pray - hall of prayer and whatnot

Front 34

mihrab

Back 34

niche indicating the direction of Mecca

Front 35

quibla

Back 35

wall in which the mihrab is located, also direction of Mecca)

Front 36

minaret

Back 36

tower

Front 37

sahn

Back 37

arcaded courtyard

Front 38

haram

Back 38

covered prayer hall

Front 39

columnar hall mosque

Back 39

mosque with a hall of columns

Front 40

lobed arches

Back 40

arches with semicircle recesses

Front 41

stacked arches

Back 41

arches stacked on top of one another

Front 42

petaled dome

Back 42

An eight sided crazy dome (it's mentioned one time in the book and the explanation is crap)

Front 43

How does the design of a domed pray hall mosque compare to a columnar hall or iwan plan?

Back 43

Domed prayer hall has a big dome over it and many times several small domes in other parts

columnar hall has a flat roof with columns to hold it up

Iwan mosques are most notable for their domed chambers and iwans, which are vaulted spaces open out on one end. In iwan mosques, one or more iwans face a central courtyard that serves as the prayer hall. The style represents a borrowing from pre-Islamic Iranian architecture and has been used almost exclusively for mosques in Iran.

Front 44

How did the architecture of the Byzantine central plan church influence the designs of Sinan?

Back 44

Hagia Sophia was his main influence with the great domes and what not

Front 45

What do we mean by the “Middle Ages” in the history of Europe and what happens to the traditions of the Greco-Roman world during this period?

Back 45

Period in European history traditionally dated from the fall of the Roman Empire to the dawn of the Renaissance. In the 5th century the Western Roman Empire endured declines in population, economic vitality, and the size and prominence of cities. It also was greatly affected by a dramatic migration of peoples that began in the 3rd century. In the 5th century these peoples, often called barbarians, carved new kingdoms out of the decrepit Western Empire.

Front 46

central dome mosque

Back 46

mosque with a dome in the center

Front 47

madrasa

Back 47

Islamic school for teaching Islamic religion and law

Front 48

caravanserai

Back 48

An inn where caravans rest at night; usually a large bare building surrounded by a court

Front 49

Sinan

Back 49

Famous Muslim Architect influeced by Hagia Sophia

Front 50

Sultan Suleyman

Back 50

Conqueror (the lawgiver)

Front 51

Charlemagne

Back 51

Charlemagne was the Frankish king who conquered most of Europe and was crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Leo III in the year 800

Front 52

Holy roman empire

Back 52

loosely federated European political entity that began with the papal coronation of the German king Otto I as the first emperor in 962 and lasted until Francis II's renunciation of the title at the instigation of Napoleon in 1806. The empire was troubled by papal-secular squabbles over authority and after the 13th century by the rising ambitions of nationalistic states. By 1273 the empire consisted primarily of the Hapsburg domains in Austria and Spain.

Front 53

westwork

Back 53

A westwork (also westwerk) is the monumental, west-facing entrance section of a Carolingian, Ottonian, or Romanesque church. The exterior consists of multiple stories between two towers. The interior includes an entrance vestibule, a chapel, and a series of galleries overlooking the nave. This was used to show imperial rule.

Front 54

gallery

Back 54

upper story aisle attached to the inside wall of a building or over the ambulatory

Front 55

What are the most important features in the plan and elevation of early Romanesque churches?

Back 55

Romanesque churches characteristically incorporated semicircular arches for windows, doors, and arcades; barrel or groin vaults to support the roof of the nave; massive piers and walls, with few windows, to contain the outward thrust of the vaults; side aisles with galleries above them; a large tower over the crossing of nave and transept; and smaller towers at the church's western end.

Front 56

How do Romanesque architects solve the problem of designing the ceiling above the nave?

Back 56

Barrel or Groin Vaults

Front 57

How does the design of Romanesque pilgrimage churches reflect their function?

Back 57

Larger churches to accomodate more people

Front 58

transept

Back 58

The transverse part of a cruciform church, crossing the nave at right angles.

Front 59

crossing

Back 59

the junction of the four arms of a cruciform (cross-shaped) church.

Front 60

choir

Back 60

he area of the church between a transept and main apse. It is the area where the service is sung and clergy may stand, and the main or high altar is located. In some churches there is no choir, while in others, the choir is quite large and surrounded by an ambulatory.

Front 61

amublatory

Back 61

A semicircular or polygonal aisle. Often an ambulatory leads around the east end of the choir; separating the choir from apses or chapels.

Front 62

radiating chapel

Back 62

One of a series of chapels which project symmetrically from
an apse or ambulatory at the east end of a church

Front 63

crypt

Back 63

An underground vault or chamber, especially one beneath a church that is used as a burial place.

Front 64

banded barrel vault

Back 64

some sort of strange barrel vault with bands?

Front 65

diaphragm arch

Back 65

A diaphragm arch is a transverse, wall-bearing arch that divides a vault or a ceiling into compartments, providing a kind of firebreak.

Front 66

pilgrimage

Back 66

Pilgrimages were first made to sites connected with the birth, life, crucifixion and resurrection of Jesus

Front 67

relic/reliquary

Back 67

A receptacle, such as a coffer or shrine, for keeping or displaying sacred relics.

Front 68

Romanesque church portal

Back 68

The great carved portals of 12th century church facades (see Church of St. Trophime) parallel the architectural novelty of the period—monumental stone sculpture seems to have been reborn in the Romanesque.

Front 69

trumeau

Back 69

A central pillar supporting the tympanum of a large doorway especially in a medieval building.

Front 70

jamb / jamb columns

Back 70

One of a pair of vertical posts or pieces that together form the sides of a door, window frame, or fireplace, for example.

Front 71

lintel

Back 71

) A horizontal member over an opening, such as a door or window, usually carrying the wall load.

Front 72

voussoir

Back 72

One of the wedge-shaped stones forming the curved parts of an arch or vaulted ceiling.

Front 73

archivolt

Back 73

A decorative molding carried around an arched wall opening.

Front 74

tympanum

Back 74

1. The ornamental recessed space or panel enclosed by the cornices of a triangular pediment.
2. A similar space between an arch and the lintel of a portal or window.

Front 75

spandrel

Back 75

triangular space

Front 76

rib vault

Back 76

any vault reinforced by masonry ribs

Front 77

How do the churches at Caen in France and Durham in England anticipate Gothic cathedrals?

Back 77

Cool shiat all over the place...

Front 78

flying buttress

Back 78

An arched masonry support serving to bear thrust, as from a roof or vault, away from a main structure to an outer pier or buttress. Also called arc-boutant.

Front 79

polychrome marble revetment

Back 79

A facing, as of masonry, used to support an embankment made of colored marble

Front 80

lancet

Back 80

an acutely pointed Gothic arch, like a lance

Front 81

rose window

Back 81

A large circular window, usually glazed with stained glass, having stone tracery radiating from the center, often with intricate petallike patterns.

Front 82

triple portal

Back 82

three entrances

Front 83

pointed arch

Back 83

Arch with a point

Front 84

clustered wall shafts

Back 84

cluster of shafts by wall

Front 85

clerestory

Back 85

raised roof with windows to let in light

Front 86

triforium

Back 86

A gallery of arches above the side-aisle vaulting in the nave of a church.

Front 87

gallery

Back 87

upper level attached to inside of building wall or over ambulatory

Front 88

arcade

Back 88

passage or walkway covered over by a succession of arches or vaults supported by columns, or else it is a covered passage fronted by a series of arches.

Front 89

rib vaults

Back 89

any vault reinforced by masonry ribs.

Front 90

marble arcade

Back 90

passage or walkway covered over by a succession of arches or vaults supported by columns, or else it is a covered passage fronted by a series of arches. made of marble

Front 91

Romanesque time period

Back 91

11th and 12th centuries

Front 92

Santiago de Compostela Relic

Back 92

relics are those of Saint James the Great