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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1. What is the most important factor in the prognosis of avulsion
a. If the tooth is kept in moist environment b. If the tooth has closed apex c. If the tooth is replanted immediately after avulsion d. None of the above |
If the tooth is replanted immediately after avulsion
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2. What are some of the factors in providing a prognosis for a traumatized tooth with incompletely formed root(s)?
1. Degree of root formation 2. Pulp status 3. Type of tooth (molar, incisor, etc.) 4. Socioeconomic factors 5. Severity of the trauma 6. Duration since injury a. 1,2,3 and 5 b. 3,4 and 6 c. 1,2,5 and 6 d. All of the 6 factors are considered e. 2,5 and 6 |
Degree of root formation
Pulp status Severity of the trauma Duration since injury |
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3. The following materials can be used for pulpotomy in teeth with open apices and a vital pulp.
a. MTA b. Cavit c. Calcium hydroxide d. a and c |
MTA
Calcium Hydroxide |
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4. Tooth discoloration can be caused by the following:
a. Trauma b. Systemic drugs c. Endodontic obturation materials d. all of the above |
All of the above
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5. All of the following are recommended for internal or external bleaching procedures, except:
a. Hydrogen peroxide (Superoxol) b. Sodium perborate c. Sodium hypochlorite (5.25%) d. Carbamide peroxide |
Sodium hypochlorite (5.25%)
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6. Which of the following luxation injuries has the highest percentage of pulpal necrosis and periradicular damage?
a. Lateral luxation b. Extrusive luxation c. Intrusive luxation d. Subluxation |
Intrusive Luxation
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7. Temporary restorations:
1. Prevent bacterial contamination 2. Restore the tooth to function 3. Allow easy removal or replacement 4. Protect remaining tooth structure 5. Include Cavit and IRM a. 1, 2 b. 4, 5 c. all but 2 d. all of the above e. none of the above |
All but 2
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8. Which of the below are advantages of Cavit?
1. Easy to place 2. No mixing required 3. Does not set with moisture 4. No minimum thickness required 5. Can be used to restore large amount of tooth structure a. 1, 2, 4 b. 3, 4 c. 1, 2 only d. all of the above e. none of the above |
1,2 only
3.5-4 mm is minimum thickness |
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9. Radiographically, a lesion of endodontic origin will be:
1. Localized 2. Wider coronally than apically 3. Radiolucent 4. Associated with vertical bone loss a. 1 and 2 b. 1 and 3 c. 1, 2, 3 d. all of the above |
1 & 3
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10. Which of the following is not usually associated with vertical root fracture?
a. One or more sinus tracts b. J-shaped radiolucency around the root c. Virgin tooth with no endodontic treatment d. Narrow isolated probing defect |
Virgin tooth with no endodontic treatment
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11. Periradicular lesions promote initiation and progression of periodontal disease. Periradicular lesions interfere with healing of periodontal lesions.
a. Both statements are true. b. Both statements are false. c. First statement is true, second statement is false. d. First statement is false, second statement is true. |
Both statements are true
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12. Tooth #8 has an uncomplicated fracture. What structures may that include?
a. Enamel only b. Enamel and dentin c. Enamel dentin and pulp d. a or b e. Complicated alveolar fracture with tooth fracture |
A & B
Enamel and dentin Enamel |
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13. A new patient had root canal therapy performed seven months ago in another country. No historical radiographs are available. The root canal filling appears to be satisfactory, the tooth is asymptomatic, and there is no associated sinus tract. However, small periapical radiolucency is evident. Which of the following is indicated?
a. Incision and drainage b. Nonsurgical retreatment c. Re-evaluation in six months d. Apicoectomy and apical amalgam e. Prescription of an appropriate antibiotic |
Re-evaluation in six months
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14. Treatment of extrusive luxation includes all of the following except:
a. Repositioning the tooth with finger pressure b. Rigid splinting for 7-10 days c. Recall for evaluation of pulp vitality d. Root canal treatment if pulpal necrosis occurs |
Rigid splinting for 7-10 days
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15. The recommended storage media for avulsed teeth include:
a. Milk b. Water c. Hank’s Balanced Salt Solution d. all of the above e. a and c |
a and c
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16. What is the expected sequelae to replantation of an avulsed tooth that has been out of the mouth for more than 60 minutes?
a. Normal healing can be expected unless secondary infection develops b. Root is continually resorbed and gradually replaced with cementum c. Bone resorption will continue unless root canal treatment is done d. Most of the PDL cells are nonviable and therefore are replaced by alveolar bone cells |
Most of the PDL cells are nonviable and therefore are replaced by alveolar bone cells
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17. A successful healing outcome of luxation injuries is related to the severity of the injury, but not necessarily to the stage of root development.
a. True b. False |
False
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18. Which statement is false regarding the treatment of avulsed teeth with closed apices and minimum extra-oral time (less than 30 minutes)?
a. Remove gross debris from tooth and socket area b. Replant tooth with finger pressure c. Splint if excessively mobile d. Initiate root canal therapy immediately after replantation e. Recall patient within two weeks after replantation |
Initiate root canal therapy immediately after replantation
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19. EDTA is most effective for which of the following uses
a. Decalcifying small canals to allow instruments to negotiate to length b. Lubricating canals to facilitate instrumentation c. Removing smear layer after cleaning and shaping d. Bacterial elimination in canals e. None of the above |
Removing smear layer after cleaning and shaping
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20. All of the following will result in a high metallic percussion sound except:
a. Ankylosis b. Replacement resorption c. Concussion d. Intrusive luxation |
Concussion
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21. Which of the following considerations is not a contraindication to nonvital bleaching?
a. Superficial enamel discolorations b. Caries c. Discolored composites d. Dentin discolorations e. Defective enamel formation |
Dentin discoloration
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22. Which of the following is a causative factor of tooth discoloration?
a. Intrapulpal hemorrhage b. Calcific metamorphosis c. Smoking d. Systemic drugs e. All of the above |
All of the above
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23. Thermocatalytic bleaching is preferred to walking bleach as an internal bleaching technique, because it is less likely to cause external cervical resorption.
a. True b. False |
False
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24. How does the crown-down technique (CDT) differ from the step-back technique?
a. The CDT creates a funnel-shaped preparation b. The CDT creates coronal flare early, reducing torsional stress on the instruments c. The CDT requires fewer instruments d. The CDT facilitates tissue removal |
The CDT creates coronal flare early, reducing torsional stress on the instruments
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25. How long after eruption do the apices mature?
a. 0-6 months b. 6 months – 1 year c. 2-3 years d. at least 4 years |
2-3 years
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26. Apexogenesis is vital tooth therapy where Ca(OH)2 is used to make a calcific barrier across the apex of the tooth.
a. True b. False |
False
This definition is for apexification |
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27. What is the best means of differentiating endodontic from periodontal pathosis
a. pulpal vitality b. percussion c. radiographs d. probing patterns e. location of swelling |
Pulpal Vitality
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28. What is the biggest concern (complication) with vital tooth therapy, i.e. pulpotomy?
a. Vertical root fracture b. Perforation into PDL space c. Coronal microleakage d. Overextrusion of Ca(OH)2 |
Coronal microleakage
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The nature of the inflammatory response of the pulp to bacteria depends on all of
the following except: a. Size of bacterial cells b. Duration of agent c. Virulence of agent d. Resistance of host |
Size of bacterial cells
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There usually is no radiographic lesion apparent in acute apical periodontitis.
However, histological bone destruction has been noted in animal studies. a. Both statements are true. b. Both statements are false. c. First statement is true, second is false. d. First statement is false, second is true. |
Both statements are true
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Based solely on the sharp transient response of pulp to hot thermal stimuli, what is the periradicular diagnosis?
a. Acute apical periodontitis b. Cannot diagnose based on information provided c. Acute apical abscess d. Irreversible pulpitis |
Cannot diagnose based on information provided
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What is the clinical ‘hallmark’ of a chronic periradicular abscess?
a. Large periradicular lesion b. Sinus tract drainage c. Granulation tissue in the periapex d. Cyst formation |
Sinus tract drainage
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A periradicular radiolucent lesion of endodontic origin on the radiograph may be
any of these histological diagnoses except one. Mark this exception. a. Radicular cyst b. Granuloma c. Abscess d. Dentigerous cyst |
Dentigerous cyst
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What complete endodontic diagnosis could be completely asymptomatic but
should require endodontic therapy? a. Pulpal necrosis and acute periradicular abscess b. Normal pulp and acute apical periodontitis c. Pulpal necrosis and chronic periradicular periodontitis d. Pulpal necrosis and chronic apical abscess e. C and D |
C & D
Pulpal necrosis and chronic periradicular periodontitis Pulpal necrosis and chronic apical abscess |
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What are the time, temperature, and pressure settings necessary for sterilization of gauze-wrapped instruments using pressure sterilization?
a. 10 minutes at 121 C and 15 psi b. 10 minutes at 100 C and 15 psi c. 20 minutes at 121 C and 15 psi d. 20 minutes at 100 C and 15 psi |
20 minutes at 121 C and 15 psi
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A lesion of non-endodontic origin remains at the apex of a suspected tooth
regardless of x-ray cone angulations. a. True b. False |
False
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Why is sodium hypochlorite the irrigant of choice for root canal therapy?
a. Lubricates canals and kills only viable bacteria b. Kills microbes, dissolves tissue, and lubricates canals c. Kills microbes, dissolves tissue, flushes and lubricates canals d. Kills microbes, dissolves tissue, stimulates immune responses, flushes and lubricates canals |
Kills microbes, dissolves tissue, flushes and lubricates canals
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According to the standards of the American Association of Endodontists, what is the intracanal medicament of choice in between endodontic appointments?
a. Formocresol b. Camphorated Monochlorophenol (CMPH) c. Ethylenediamine Tetra acetic Acid (EDTA) d. Calcium Hydroxide |
Calcium Hydroxide
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Sometimes, a partial thickness flap may be used in endodontic surgery because of
an anatomical obstruction underlying the flap. a. True b. False |
False
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While newer materials have been introduced, amalgam is still the best root-end filler due to numerous studies.
a. True b. False |
False
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Which of the following is an incorrect procedure during flap reflection?
a. Incise all the way to bone b. Elevate the horizontal incision, then move to the vertical incision c. Incisions can be made horizontally through the attached gingival d. Avoid tearing the flap, and elevate with the periosteum |
Elevate the horizontal incision, then move to the vertical incision
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Which of these is not an advantage of digital radiography?
a. Easier record keeping b. Easily modified contrast and brightness c. Digital sensors are smaller and are easier to take than film x-rays d. Can invert the image to see a ‘negative’ of the image |
Digital sensors are smaller and are easier to take than film x-rays
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Which of the following are correct goals of root canal preparation during
endodontic therapy? a. You make the canal the way you want it to look on the final x-ray. b. Develop a continuously tapering funnel from the root access to apex cavity c. It’s okay to gently transport the foramen in order to get a better continuous taper d. Keep the apical foramen as small as possible e. a, b, d f. b and d g. b, c, and d |
B & D
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Which of these files have radial lands?
a. ProFile b. ProTaper c. K3 files d. a and c e. all of the above |
A & C
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NiTi files
a. Are stiffer b. Are more likely to transport the canal than stainless steel files c. Are more likely to disarticulate than stainless steel files d. Pull intracanal debris in a coronal direction e Possess all of the above properties |
Are more likely to disarticulate than stainless steel files
NiTi is flexible, does not cure well, and is not as strong - breaks easier |
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One of the uses of the apex locator is to confirm the presence of the file within
the canal. How would the apex locator respond to a file placed in a ‘bleeding orifice’ that is a perforation into the PDL space? a. None, it can be used for the above-mentioned procedure. b. Steady, normal beeps only after the file is moved apically. c. The apex locator will immediately respond with a continuous beep d. The machine will just shut off. |
The apex locator will immediately respond with a continuous beep
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MOST rotary systems recommend running the handpiece below how many
RPM’s to prevent breakage? a. 633 b. 500 c. 350 d. 700 |
350
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Which of the choices below is an indication for rubber dam utilization in endodontics?
a. To prevent accidental aspiration of foreign objects by the patient b. To provide better visual access to the pulp chamber c. To enhance the creation of, or to maintain a clean field d. All of the above |
All of the above
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Pulp vitality tests used during an in endodontic evaluation (thermal, electric) test which of the following?
a. Only blood supply to the teeth b. Only nerve function in the teeth c. Both blood supply and nerve function d. Neither blood supply nor nerve function |
Only nerve function in the teeth
(Aδ fibers; heat test tests C fibers more so) |
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The prognosis for nonsurgical retreatment depends primarily on which of the following
a. identification and correction of the cause of failure b. using a different obturation technique c. placing the temporary restoration at the obturation appointment d. using rotary instrumentation e. all the above |
Identification and correction of the cause of failure
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Leaving the tooth open between appointments for root canal therapy will result in:
a. Speeding up the recovery phase b. Preventing the spread of infection c. Bacterial contamination/polymicrobial infection d. Better prognosis for root canal therapy |
Bacterial contamination/polymicrobial infection
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The X-ray beam usually displaces radiographic images of the buccal roots in what
direction on the radiograph? a. Same direction as beam b. Opposite direction of beam c. Does not displace buccal roots d. Vertically |
Same direction as beam
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Which of the following treatment modalities is the least appropriate for a tooth
with the diagnosis of irreversible pulpitis and a favorable restorative prognosis? a. Non-surgical root canal treatment b. Extraction and implant placement c. Pulpectomy d. Pulpotomy |
Extraction and implant placement
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The most common predictor of post-operative pain is:
a. Necrotic pulp b. Irreversible pulpitis c. Age of the patient d. Periapical Lesion e. Pre-op pain |
Pre-op pain
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What is the diagnosis of a tooth with lingering pain to cold:
a. irreversible pulpitis b. reversible pulpitis c. acute Periapical periodontitis d. acute Periapical abscess |
Irreversible pulpitits
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ENDODONTIC CASE:
You have an 8 year old patient in your chair. He experienced trauma to his upper lip and fractured #8 AND avulsed #9 a day prior to seeing you. He was seen at the emergency room yesterday where medical care was provided and then referred to you for dental examination. The mother says ‘the tooth’ was put back into his mouth within the hour of the injury. At this age, the apices of #8 and #9 may not be fully formed (open apex). a. True b. False |
True
(roots close 2-3 years after eruption) |
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ENDODONTIC CASE:
You have an 8 year old patient in your chair. He experienced trauma to his upper lip and fractured #8 AND avulsed #9 a day prior to seeing you. He was seen at the emergency room yesterday where medical care was provided and then referred to you for dental examination. The mother says ‘the tooth’ was put back into his mouth within the hour of the injury. . #8 has a complicated fracture. What does that include? a. Enamel only b. Enamel and dentin c. Enamel dentin and pulp d. Crown and root fractures e. Complicated alveolar fracture with tooth fracture |
enamel dentin and pulp
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ENDODONTIC CASE:
You have an 8 year old patient in your chair. He experienced trauma to his upper lip and fractured #8 AND avulsed #9 a day prior to seeing you. He was seen at the emergency room yesterday where medical care was provided and then referred to you for dental examination. The mother says ‘the tooth’ was put back into his mouth within the hour of the injury. Root fractures have poor prognosis and should receive root canal treatments a. True b. False |
false
Only VRF has poor prognosis |
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ENDODONTIC CASE:
You have an 8 year old patient in your chair. He experienced trauma to his upper lip and fractured #8 AND avulsed #9 a day prior to seeing you. He was seen at the emergency room yesterday where medical care was provided and then referred to you for dental examination. The mother says ‘the tooth’ was put back into his mouth within the hour of the injury. On clinical and radiographic examination (4 months later), you find that #8 is non-responsive to thermal and electric testing but acutely responsive to percussion or palpation. You observe a slight radiolucency around the root of #8. What is the first treatment approach you should try? a. Bond and place composite restoration b. Access the tooth for pulpectomy and apexification with Ca(OH)2 dressing c. Prescribe antibiotics and pain killers d. Partial pulpotomy and restore tooth and observe tooth |
Partial pulpotomy and restore tooth and observe tooth
(pulp vitality test is unreliable because of open apices; has the ability to heal) |
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ENDODONTIC CASE:
You have an 8 year old patient in your chair. He experienced trauma to his upper lip and fractured #8 AND avulsed #9 a day prior to seeing you. He was seen at the emergency room yesterday where medical care was provided and then referred to you for dental examination. The mother says ‘the tooth’ was put back into his mouth within the hour of the injury. On examination, #9 seems to be positioned correctly in the socket and displays no excessive mobility. What do you do next for #9? a. No treatment necessary at this time but patient needs to be observed every 6 months b. No treatment necessary at this time but patient needs to be recalled in 2 weeks to recheck pulp status of #9 c. Access the tooth for pulpectomy and apexification with Ca(OH)2 dressing d. Begin apexogenesis procedure e. Splint tooth for 2 weeks |
No tx necessary at this time but patient needs to be recalled in 2 weeks to recheck pulp status of #9
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ENDODONTIC CASE:
You have an 8 year old patient in your chair. He experienced trauma to his upper lip and fractured #8 AND avulsed #9 a day prior to seeing you. He was seen at the emergency room yesterday where medical care was provided and then referred to you for dental examination. The mother says ‘the tooth’ was put back into his mouth within the hour of the injury. All the followings are pertinent to the treatment of #9 except a. Using flexible splinting for 1-2 wks b. Using rigid splinting for 1-2 wks c. Refer to physician for tetanus shot booster d. 0.12% CHX mouth rinse, BID for 1 week |
Using rigid splinting for 1-2 weeks
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