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291 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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percentage that a mandibular central incisor has one root
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100%
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% that mand central incisor has one canal
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75%
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% that mand lateral incisor has one root
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100%
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% that mand lat incisor has one canal
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72%
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% that mand lat incisor has 2 canals
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28%
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mand lat incisor root is wide in which direction?
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Fa-Li
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what is the shape of mand lat incisor root?
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dumbbell
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mand incisors have what degree of lingual-axial inclination?
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20 degrees
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what is an aspect of mand incisors that affects access?
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lingual shoulder
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what is the shape and location of access for mand incisors?
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oval centered on lingual
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what is the 'target' for access for mand anteriors?
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middle of the F-L dimention at CEJ level
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if perforation facially during access on mand incisors, what happened?
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too much L tilt with handpiece and too deep
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what does access for mand incisors look like?
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long oval access, includes Li half of I edge
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retake WL xray if adjustment is >?
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0.5mm
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in mand incisor, which canal is usually the missed canal?
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lingual
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how often do mand incisors have 2 canals?
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25%
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a narrow M-D dimension for mand incisors requires what type of taper with all GG's?
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continuous
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for radicular access, access should be attained in what increments?
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2mm increments IRRESPECTIVE of binding
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orifice movement is also called
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vertical extension
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vertical extension is obtained with what instruments?
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#6 and #5 GG
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cervical shaping is attained with what instruments?
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#6 and #5 GG
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how far do you take GG during vertical extension?
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to binding plus 2mm deeper
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primary motion for #4 and #3 GG during radicular access?
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Fa and Li outward sweeping
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outward sweeping to remove lingual shoulder is predominantly to which direction for radicular access?
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to the lingual
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to accentuate the cervical root shape/form, outward sweeping is to which direction?
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Fa and Li
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attachment for NiTi
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4:1
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rpms for NiTi
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600 rpm
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torque for NiTi
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280 gm-cm
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length set on Ni-Ti
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RL - 0.5mm
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handpiece motion for NiTi
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to engagement
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max time in canal for NiTi
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<2 sec
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Correct location of racapitulation steps for NiTi
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#6 & #5 GG, #4 & #3 GG, 25/.10 & 25/.08, etc.
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maximum uses for NiTi
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K3=4, SEQ=2
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"Feed and Speed" is the tendency to what?
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grab and pull into canal
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what is the sequence for NiTis?
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25/.10, 25/.08, 35/.04, 30/.06
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check flare with which NiTi?
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#30/.06
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what do you do immediately after drying canal?
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'clear'/recapitulate
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pre-requisites for obturation?
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1. apical verification 2. MCV check and canal drying 3. apical clearing
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which pre-requisite step for obturation completes the apical flare and sizes canal?
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apical verification
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which pre-req step for obturation inspects canal for smoothness, irrigation, absorbent points to wick and remove irrigants?
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MCV check and canal drying
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which pre-req step confirms patency and removal of dentin plug?
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apical clearing
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how much of GP tip do you soften with chloroform?
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3-5mm
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cone fit xray must fit w/in how much of RL?
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0.5mm
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when 2 canals join, which GP cones do you adapt?
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only primary
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trial cone fit should fit passively w/in how far of RL?
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2mm
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if cone fits short and WL is too short, how do you correct?
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Retake WL x-ray w/ file to confirm WL
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if cone fits short and there is an inadequate taper, body shaping (radicular), or apical segment (CZ), how do you correct?
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check GG prep, OR reconfirm verification: shorten CZ, move 2nd step of CZ closer to apex (~.75)
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if cone is folded w/in canal, how do you correct?
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too small of cone used (reconfirm verification)
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if inadequate CZ or steps are packed w/ debris, what do you do?
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copious irrigation, recapitulate CZ and patency
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if GP cone bends, typical of smaller cones, what do you do?
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excessive force, softened too much cone, discard bent cones
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if WL is too long and CZ (foramen) is over enlarged, how do you correct?
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retake WL xray w/ file bound in 1st stepback, confirm/shorten WL
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if inadequate control zone, how do you correct?
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create CZ w/ larger files at 2nd step (CZ AT LEAST 2 sizes larger than patency)
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if open apical foramen, and cone fits too long, how do you correct?
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create CZ w/ larger files at 2nd step (CZ AT LEAST 2 sizes larger than patency)
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if cone adapts too easily, cone will overextend during condensation, how do you correct?
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cut 1+mm off tip of the cone, or select a size larger cone
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what does Power 10 on system B mean?
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how quickly the tip heats
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correct temp and flow rate for calamus
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temp - 180, flow rate - 60%
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recipe for polycarb?
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equal parts P and L
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what type of access closure do we use?
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double seal
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WHAT establishes and environment in the RC space for success?
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C & S
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what maintains an environment to prevent recontamination, relapse to PA disease, and insure longevity of the procedure?
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obturation
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approx how much pressure seems adequate for condensation?
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~3lbs
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RC system should be sealed apically to prevent what?
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apical percolation
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why should the RC system be sealed laterally?
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to isolate and entomb
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why should the RC system be sealed coronally?
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to prevent oral recontamination
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what is warm vert cond?
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heat soften and condensers for 'flow' adaptation
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what is cold lateral cond?
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spreader movement/space for 'accessory cones'
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what is it called when GP is adapted with chloroform to improve adaptation?
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GP is PLASTICIZED
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does NaOCl have low tissue toxicity?
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NO
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Hx performancy and cost for root canal irrigants favors what?
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favors NaOCL (5.225%/2.5%)
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what are the 'keys' to flow and adaptation?
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heat and pressure
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the term 'gutta percha' applies to what?
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dried juice of sapodilla family of trees
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natural rubber/gutta percha formulas
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natural - 1,4 cis-poly isoprene
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2 crystalline phases of gutta percha
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beta and alpha
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processed GP used for points is which phase?
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beta
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what GP phase is improved for stability and hardness?
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beta
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which phase is transformation from beta with application of heat?
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alpha
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which GP phase shrinks upon cooling, so must control temp?
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alpha
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how do you compensate for shrinkage of GP?
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condensation pressure
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which phase of GP is used for apical control?
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beta
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which phase of GP is used for max flow?
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alpha
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what aspect of beta 'captures' the GP control zone, seat, or rapid apical taper?
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mechanical shape
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chloroform adapted cone is fit to what?
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tugback
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what access of RC tx allows warm vertical condensation?
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radicular access
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chemical composition of GP points:
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Zinc oxide 60-75%
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what aspect of GP points acts as a binder/matrix?
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gutta percha
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T/F: points with higher % of GP are less brittle and have longer shelf life
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F: more brittle and age quicker
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purpose of wax &/or resin in GP points
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plasticizers to alter pliability flow and compaction
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purpose fo metal (barium) sulfates in GP points
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radiopacity
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ISO sizes for GP points have a tolerance of what?
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+/- 0.05
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what type of points fit NiTi rotary flare?
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radical tapered points
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trial cone fit accommodates for variations in what?
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prep shape and cone variations
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seating the cone minimizes what?
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sealer/tissue interface
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what aspect of GP is bacteriostatic?
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zinc oxide
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functions of sealer
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1. fill space 2. cohesive and adhesive 3. lubricant 4. excess
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what is the composition of the powder of KRCS?
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zinc oxide (34-41%), oleoresins (16-30%), precipitated silver (24-30%), dithymoliodide (~12%)
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why have silver containing sealers fallen out of favor?
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staining
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what is the composition of hte liquid portion of KRCS?
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eugenol (~80%), canada balsam (~20)
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what is the composition of the powder portion of roth 811 sealer?
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zinc oxide (42 parts), staybelite resin (27 parts), bismuth (15 pts), barium sulfate (15 pts), sodium borate (1pt)
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liquid portion of roth 811 sealer?
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eugenol
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what aspect of both GP and ZOE sealers create anti-microbial effect?
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zinc oxide
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why are resins added to zoe sealers?
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increase adhesion and decrease solubility
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what conditions allow sealer to set more quickly?
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heat and 100% humidity
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what are the accelerants in zinc oxide?
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H2O and Ca(OH)2
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what purpose does zinc eugenolate serve?
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crystalling matrix
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zinc oxide acts by what 2 mechanisms?
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degradation and dissolution (crappy question...sorry)
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how does zinc oxide sealer absorb water?
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exchanges free eugenol with H2O
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how does zinc oxide sealer lose volume?
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release free eugenol and zinc oxide
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what represents the basic constituent of 'most' root canal sealers?
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zinc oxide
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what is the FIRST REQUIREMENT for endodontic access?
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total removal of active decay
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what is the most common reason for RCT?
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gross caries
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recontamination in the temporary filling can result from:
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1. loss of seal 2. fracture of tooth structure or temp 3. time
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what is the minimum thickness required for all temp fillings?
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3.5 mm
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cavit has premixed what?
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ZO calcium sulfate polyvinyl chloride acetate
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what initiates auto-polymerization in cavit?
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moisture
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linear expansion of cavit
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~14%
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disadvantages of cavit (3)?
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1. slow setting time 2. high solubility and disintegration 3. low compressive strength
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why would cavit cause pain in a vital pulp?
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desiccation
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what type of prep would indicate cavit?
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class I
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which temp material has best short term seal?
|
cavit
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contraindications for cavit
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1. complex restorations 2. replacement of prox marginal ridge or M or D decay 3. replacement of cusp 4. long term temp (>1 wk)
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problems with cavit
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expansion, wear, lack of strength, disintegration
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advantages for IRM
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1. high compressive strength 2. low wear
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the dichotomy in an effective temp seal has to deal with what vs what?
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thermal stress testing vs in-vivo pulpal protection
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why is free eugenol controlled release good for a vital pulp temp?
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good ABTUNDANT and is antibacterial
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what are the jobs for external and internal materials in a double seal temp?
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ext - stronger for contours and wear, int - insures minimal microleakage
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liquid:powder for IRM
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3:2
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liquid: powder for IRM recommended by manufacturer
|
1:1
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single rooted teeth need how thick of a cervical barrier?
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~2mm
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if the obturation is exposed to saliva, crown to apex contamination will occur in how long?
|
~30 days
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our lab exercises will have what type of cervical seal?
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double
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how thick should polycarb be?
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~2mm
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an unrestored root canal treated tooth is at least how much more likely to be extracted?
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2+ times more likely
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what are the 2 actions for canal negotiation and small file management for max molar?l
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1. twiddle and (anti-curvature) file motions and 2. apical pecking
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how often do max 1st molars have 3 roots?
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>96%
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how often does the MB root of max 1st molar have 2 canals histologically?
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97%
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how often are 2 canals in the MB root of the max 1st molar treated clinically?
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>70%
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how often is there 1 canal in the MB root of the max 1st molar apically?
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~60%
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T/F: in a max 1st molar, root long axis is diff than crown long axis
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T
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palatal root of max 1st molar is 1 of only 2 roots in dentition that has what characteristic?
|
widest dimension of RC space is seen radiographically
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in max 2nd molar, are roots typically more or less separated?
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less
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how often does max 2nd molar have 3 roots?
|
>88%
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how often does max 2nd molar have fused roots?
|
22%
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how often does MB root of max 2nd molar have 2 canals?
|
47%
|
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how often does MB root of max 2nd molar have 1 canal apically?
|
68%
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why is there a lower incidence of MB2 in MB root of max 2nd molar?
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bc of root fusion
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4 rooted variation occurs how often in max 2nd molar?
|
0.4%
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what is the shape of the pulp chamber of all max 2nd molars?
|
more ribbon shaped Bu to Li, very narrow M to D
|
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what is the general shape of MB2 canal?
|
like a fin or isthmus
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where do max molar roots sit in relation to max sinus?
|
roots straddle the max sinus
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in xrays of max molars, are trial working lengths often over or under estimated?
|
under
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the max sinus usually causes difficulty for what on xrays?
|
apex interpretation
|
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what radiographic structures superimpose other structures?
|
max sinus, thick max alveolus, zygoma and zygomatic arch
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never exceed what depth with your bur during access?
|
6.5 mm
|
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access outline shape for max molars?
|
triangular (quadrangular)
|
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access outline for max molars is parallel to what?
|
M marginal ridge and to Bu surface
|
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T/F: access outline on max molars crosses transverse ridge
|
F
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where is apex of triangle in access outline for max molars?
|
~1/2 way up inner incline of lingual cusp
|
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where is initial entry for max molar access?
|
2/3 up the inner incline of MB cusp
|
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1st exposure in max molar access should be felt over what?
|
MB pulp (4-6mm deep)
|
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what is the first requirement of C&S?
|
canal negotiation and apical patency
|
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what technique is used for canal negotiation?
|
twiddle and file
|
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T/F: twiddle and file technique roates files to enlarge
|
F
|
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anti-curvature filing is performed at least how much short of binding?
|
2mm
|
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what is a criteria for SS small negotiating instruments?
|
non-cutting tip
|
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composition of canal conditioners
|
10% urea or carbamide peroxide and 15% EDTA, propylene glycol base
|
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when using small SS files, why use twiddle motion?
|
to ASSIST instruments apically
|
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when using small SS files, why use filing/anticurvature motions?
|
to CREATE room cervically and coronally
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what do you do when patency is difficult to achieve?
|
pre-bend files and apical pecking
|
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anti-curvature filing is only performed w/ what 'type' of file
|
a 'loose' file
|
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T/F: files commonly break in filing motion
|
false
|
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which filing technique relieves orifice obstructions and STARTS orifice movement?
|
anti-curvature filing
|
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what technique completes orifice movement during radicular access?
|
#6 and #5 GG
|
|
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vertical extension is accomplished through what direction of the tooth?
|
long axis of each root
|
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what type of rotary instruments do we use?
|
hybrid
|
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all electric motor insertion pressures are determined by which file?
|
K3 #25/.10
|
|
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apical enlargement is performed with what type of file motion?
|
balanced force
|
|
|
what are the 3 steps done in preparation for obturation?
|
1. apical verification 2. MCV check 3. apical clearing
|
|
|
how often does mand 1st molar have 2 roots
|
>90%
|
|
|
how often does mand 1st molar have 3 roots?
|
3-20%
|
|
|
how often does the MB root of mand 1st molar have 2 canals?
|
>96%
|
|
|
how often does the MB root of mand 1st molar have 2 foramina
|
~60%
|
|
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how often does the D root of mand 1st molar have 2 canals
|
~30%
|
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how often does the D root of mand 1st molar have 2 foramina
|
~15%
|
|
|
how often does mand 2nd molar have 2 roots
|
~84%
|
|
|
how often does mand 2nd molar have 3 roots?
|
~1.5%
|
|
|
how often does the MB root of mand 2nd molar have 2 canals?
|
86%
|
|
|
what is hte ratio that the MB root has apical 1:2 canals?
|
60:40
|
|
|
how often does D root of mand 2nd molar have 1 canal?
|
~85%
|
|
|
how often does the D root of mand 2nd molar have 1 foramen?
|
~95%
|
|
|
roots of mand 2nd molar tend to be what shaped?
|
more conical shaped
|
|
|
how often are mand 2nd molar roots fused?
|
23.5%
|
|
|
C-shaped mand 2nd molars refers to what?
|
orifices and dentin map/root fusion across Bu
|
|
|
what is a major anatomical concern for mand molars?
|
s-shaped curvatures
|
|
|
what is critical to reduce the primary curvature for S-shaped curvatures of mand molars?
|
orifice movement
|
|
|
cleaning requires what?
|
ENLARGEMENT FOR IRRIGATION
|
|
|
shaping requires
|
SELECTIVE ENLARGEMENT
|
|
|
ISO tolerance for diameter of blade
|
+/- 0.02mm
|
|
|
Do
|
calculated diameter at tip
|
|
|
D16
|
diameter at end of cutting flutes
|
|
|
types of classic hand instruments
|
files, reamers, hedstrom, barb broach
|
|
|
how is Flex-R file diff from a Reamer
|
has a specially modified tip
|
|
|
T/F: barb broaches can be used to enlarge
|
F
|
|
|
purpose of barb broach files
|
entwine pulp tissue
|
|
|
blade shape of hedstrom files
|
ground spiral of inverted cones
|
|
|
filing motion for hedstrom
|
riling/rasping
|
|
|
balanced force
|
refined reaming and watch winding motion
|
|
|
reaming is what type of motion?
|
clockwise rotation
|
|
|
instrument is passively loaded and twirled/spinned in canal space during what motion
|
reaming
|
|
|
removal w/o rotation is what motion
|
quarter turn pull (filing)
|
|
|
angle of contact to wall
|
rake angle
|
|
|
what aspects of instrument sectional shape are determined by mass and are inversely related?
|
flexibility and torsional strength
|
|
|
cross-sectional shape of SS instruments determines:
|
1. flexibility 2. torsional strength 3. number of blades 4. flute space 5. rake angle 6.
|
|
|
k-type has what cross-sectional shape
|
square or triangular
|
|
|
k-flex (kerr) has what x-sect shape
|
rhomboidal
|
|
|
hedstrom rake angle is designed for what
|
rasping, not rotation
|
|
|
hedstrom rake angle
|
90
|
|
|
# of blades on hedstrom
|
1
|
|
|
flutes on hedstrom
|
open
|
|
|
rake angle on square file
|
45
|
|
|
# of blades on square file
|
4
|
|
|
flutes on square file
|
4
|
|
|
motion for square file
|
bidirectional
|
|
|
rake angle for rhomboid k-flex
|
50-55
|
|
|
# of blades on rhomboid k-flex
|
2
|
|
|
flutes on k-flex
|
open
|
|
|
rake angle on triangular file
|
60
|
|
|
# of blades on triangular
|
3
|
|
|
flutes on triangular
|
open
|
|
|
what is the most efficient design for bi-directional cutting
|
triangular
|
|
|
what 2 components are required to define an instrument
|
Do ISO and taper
|
|
|
T/F: most NiTi tapers are .02 tapers
|
F
|
|
|
apical sizing .02 tapers allow for what?
|
wider range of apical sizing
|
|
|
T/F: inspection not predictive of useful life on NiTis
|
T
|
|
|
going through comporession and release while going through a turn is called
|
cyclic fatigue
|
|
|
K3 NiTis have land areas for what?
|
centering
|
|
|
K3 NiTi's contact to benefit what?
|
cervical 1/3 shaping
|
|
|
endosequence has improved what?
|
flexibility and cyclic fatigue
|
|
|
endosquence contact to benefit whawt?
|
apical 1/3 shaping
|
|
|
3 characteristics of K3 files
|
1. land areas - canal centering 2. shallow flute space 3. large internal core - strength
|
|
|
K3 have large internal core for?
|
strength
|
|
|
triangular shape of endosequence is for ?
|
sharp active cutting
|
|
|
flute space for endosequence
|
open
|
|
|
core of endosequence NiTi's?
|
minimal internal core - flexibility
|
|
|
flute space for K3
|
closed - less cutting time
|
|
|
angle of the blade relative to the long axis of the shaft and cutting length
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blade inclination (helical angle)
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T/F: blade inclination is not related to x-sectional shape
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T
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blade inclination is determiend by what
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# of blades per 16mm
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blade inclination (helical angle) file and reamer degrees
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file ~45, reamer ~25
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high helical angles do what more effeciently?
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file
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low helical angles do what more efficiently?
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ream
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triangular reamer is mroe efficient when?
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rotating in
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hestrom most efficient when?
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being pulled out
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what helical angles tend to smoothly feed file into canal in CW rotation?
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low
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what helical angles tend to screw and quickly lock the file in CW rotation?
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high
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low helical angles tend to do what in CCW rotation?
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shave/plane canal walls
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high helical angles tend to do what in CCW rotation?
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back file out of canal
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NiTi rotary set for COD has what 3 functions?
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1. enhance flaring/body enlargement 2. extend vert extension to apex 3. reduce stess on apical finishing instruments
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instruments are chosen to balance properties...what properties?
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1. helical/blade angle 2. x-sect shape for curvatures 3. aggressiveness
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balanced force philosophy - C&S goal
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standardized larger prep sizes can be achieved 'irregardles of canal curvature'
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T/F: CZ's are maximum prep sizes determined for each root
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F: minimum
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force derived from hardness of dentin (depth and length of blade engagement)
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dentinal force
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force derived from instrument perperties and canal curvature (irrelevant in relatively straight canals)
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restoring force
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force that has CW rotation with inward pressure
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insertion force
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max allowed placement in insertion force is what?
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specific file's torsional strength
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cutting during rotation should balance what 2 things?
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dentin hardness and torsional strength
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Triangular Flex-R file has what type of cutting
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bi=directional
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advantages of rotation in balanced force
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1. less canal transportation mid-root 2. larger apical preps (CZs) 3. instrument control
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disadv of 'rotation' in balanced force
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increased chances of instrument breakage
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if excessive torque load causes inst to break, problem is w/....
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radicular access
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access outline for mand 1st molar
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trapezoidal
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access outline for mand 2nd molar
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somewhat triangular
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when is a mand molar access more triangular?
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if only 1 D canal
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access extension onto bu and li trangular ridges
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2/3 bu, 1/3 li
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what are anatomical cervical dimensions that must be taken into consideration during access
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Li cusps are undercut
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which canal should always be primary canal
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ML
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which canal should be negotiated 1st?
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ML (primary)
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what filing motion reduces cervical binding and creates room
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anti-curvature
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requirements in GG orifice movement
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1. straight line coronal access 2. #25 patency to lock pilot of GG
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after orifice mvmt, there is a constriction above each orifice, what do you do?
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383 diamond, flare open access and create smooth paths
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2nd most imp step
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orifice movement
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culmination and most critical aspect of RCT
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STRAIGHT LINE ACCESS
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what part of access achieves 'straight-line' ID of canal orifices?
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coronal access
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what part of access achieves unimpeded instrument placement to apical 1/3 or level of curvature?
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radicular access
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if an early NiTi reaches length, what do you check apical size with?
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35/.04
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what do you check canal and taper with?
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30/.06
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minimum required canal body flare
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25/.06
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apical enlargement is performed with what motion?
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balanced force
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what if patency can't be achieved?
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prep at max length w/o stepbacks
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CZ must be how much larger than patency?
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2-3x
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what if apical patency is too large?
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drop out middle step and work 1mm back
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